A very low-voltage differential amplifier for opamp design

In this paper we present a differential stage suitable to be used as the input stage of rail-to-rail very low-voltage opamps. The topology exploits an input level-shifter to keep the common-mode input voltage of a pseudo-differential pair constant, thus providing a constant gain over the whole input common-mode range. The main drawback of the proposed solution is the need of a switched-capacitor level-shifter, that can give rise to some clock feedthrough in continuous-time applications. However good linearity with limited clock intermodulation can be achieved by careful design. An opamp in 65-nm CMOS technology featuring the proposed input stage is operational for supply voltages as low as 0.5 V, with a net linearity improvement with respect to a simple pseudo-differential stage. © 2011 IEEE.