The note comments on the recent ruling of the Court of Justice in the Engie case through which it simultaneously annulled a judgement of the General Court and the Commission Decision of which the General Court had confirmed the validity. Through the annulled Decision and judgement, some tax rulings issued in Luxembourg, which endorsed complex intragroup transac-tions involving substantial tax avoidance were classified as State aid. In the commented ruling, the Court established that the Commis-sion and the General Court had erroneously identified the reference framework from which they then deduced the selective nature of the tax rulings. In particular, the Court specified that the reference framework must be identified without referring to abstract principles or general objectives of the tax system, such as the one that requires all companies to pay taxes. At opposite, it must be identified by referring to the positive law in force in the member States. The positive law must be interpreted with the State concerned, using the adversarial technique and referring to the administrative and judicial practice that have applied it. In this activity, the Commission must accept the interpretation provided by the Member State concerned, at least until it is able to demonstrate, by conclusive facts, that it does not correspond to the truth. The author concludes with some personal reflections according to which not all tax rulings containing errors could lead to the granting of State aid but only those intentionally aimed at circumventing European competition law or containing manifest errors.
La nota commenta la recente sentenza della Corte di giustizia Engie la quale ha annullato al contempo una pronuncia del Tribunale e la decisione della Commissione di cui il Tribunale aveva confermato la validità. Attraverso la decisione e la sentenza annullate, alcune decisioni fiscali anticipate emesse in Lussemburgo, che avallavano delle complesse operazioni infragruppo comportanti una sostanziosa elusione fiscale, erano state qualificate come aiuti di Stato. Nella sentenza commentata la Corte ha stabilito che Commissione e Tribunale avevano erroneamente individuato il quadro normativo di riferimento dal quale hanno poi dedotto il carattere selettivo della decisione anticipata fiscale. In particolare la Corte ha precisato che il quadro di riferimento deve essere individuato senza fare riferimento a principî astratti o obiettivi generali del sistema fiscale, quale quello che impone a tutte le imprese di pagare le imposte ma facendo riferimento al diritto positivo vigente negli Stati membri. Quest’ultimo, deve essere interpretato in contraddittorio con lo Stato interessato, facendo riferimento alla prassi e alla giurisprudenza che lo hanno applicato. In tale attività la Commissione deve accettare l’interpretazione fornita dallo Stato membro interessato, almeno fin quando non sia in grado di dimostrare, per fatti concludenti, che essa non corrisponde al vero. L’autore conclude con alcune riflessioni personali secondo le quali non tutte le decisioni fiscali anticipate contenenti errori potrebbero determinare la concessione di un aiuto di Stato, ma solamente quelle intenzionalmente finalizzate ad aggirare la disciplina europea della concorrenza o contenenti errori manifesti.
Sulla qualificazione degli errori commessi dalle amministrazioni fiscali come “aiuti di Stato”: riflessioni sulla sentenza Engie / Orlandi, M.. - In: IL DIRITTO DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA. - ISSN 1125-8551. - 3-4(2023), pp. 585-606.
Sulla qualificazione degli errori commessi dalle amministrazioni fiscali come “aiuti di Stato”: riflessioni sulla sentenza Engie
Maurizio Orlandi
2023
Abstract
The note comments on the recent ruling of the Court of Justice in the Engie case through which it simultaneously annulled a judgement of the General Court and the Commission Decision of which the General Court had confirmed the validity. Through the annulled Decision and judgement, some tax rulings issued in Luxembourg, which endorsed complex intragroup transac-tions involving substantial tax avoidance were classified as State aid. In the commented ruling, the Court established that the Commis-sion and the General Court had erroneously identified the reference framework from which they then deduced the selective nature of the tax rulings. In particular, the Court specified that the reference framework must be identified without referring to abstract principles or general objectives of the tax system, such as the one that requires all companies to pay taxes. At opposite, it must be identified by referring to the positive law in force in the member States. The positive law must be interpreted with the State concerned, using the adversarial technique and referring to the administrative and judicial practice that have applied it. In this activity, the Commission must accept the interpretation provided by the Member State concerned, at least until it is able to demonstrate, by conclusive facts, that it does not correspond to the truth. The author concludes with some personal reflections according to which not all tax rulings containing errors could lead to the granting of State aid but only those intentionally aimed at circumventing European competition law or containing manifest errors.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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