A 0.3 V nanowatt bulk-driven CCII− in 0.18-µm CMOS for ultra-low-power current-mode interfaces

A 0.3 V nanowatt CCII− is presented in 0.18 (Formula presented.) m TSMC CMOS, targeting ultra-low-power current-mode interfaces. Post-layout extracted simulations demonstrate correct conveying operation with a total DC power consumption of less than 2.40 nW. The low-frequency tracking factors evaluated at 1 Hz are (Formula presented.) (−0.48 dB) and (Formula presented.) (≈−0.35 dB), with (Formula presented.) dB bandwidths of 22.95 kHz and 63.95 kHz for the voltage and current transfers, respectively. Small-signal extraction confirms the intended impedance profile, yielding (Formula presented.) M (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.) G (Formula presented.), and a very high input resistance (Formula presented.) G (Formula presented.). Robustness is verified through full PVT and mismatch analyses, showing stable functionality across process corners, a 0–80 °C temperature range, and 270–330 mV supply variations while maintaining nanowatt-level dissipation.