Leveraging Advanced Analytical Techniques for Comprehensive Characterization of Nanoplastics

Given their intrinsic characteristics—such as small size, morphological diversity, complex polymeric composition, and low concentrations—characterizing nanoplastics (NPs) in different matrices presents substantial analytical challenges. The synergistic use of various analytical techniques enhances the research process in characterizing nanoplastics (NPs), enabling a more accurate interpretation of results in addressing their multifaceted issues. For this purpose, we employed complementary analytical techniques as Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) coupled with Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS) and UV-Diode Array Detector (DAD), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). By leveraging the strengths of these advanced techniques, we were able to triangulate data, corroborate findings, and gain significant insights into the characterization of MNPs. Nonetheless, we also emphasized the ongoing need for development in this field, including sample preparation, standardization, and validation especially due to the absence of certified reference materials at the nanoscale.