Juvenile recidivism and comorbid mental health disorders: a case report and literature review

Juvenile recidivism remains a critical concern within the justice system, particularly when intertwined with mental health comorbidities. Adolescence represents a sensitive developmental period during which untreated psychiatric disorders, neurocognitive deficits, and systemic failures contribute to persistent offending. This article explores the complex interplay between mental health disorders and recidivism through the case of Filippo, a young offender with a longstanding criminal history and multiple psychiatric comorbidities, alongside a systematic review of relevant literature. Filippo’s case exemplifies how untreated mental health conditions and systemic challenges contribute to juvenile recidivism. Effective strategies must integrate comprehensive mental health care, forensic consistency, and developmental support within the juvenile justice framework to mitigate recidivism and improve long­term outcomes.