Radiotherapy alone with curative intent in a case of limited-stage extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma nasal type: a case report and review of the literature

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL-NT), is an aggressive malignancy primarily affecting the sinonasal region, with a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The disease is significantly more prevalent in Asian and Latin American populations. Diagnosis is particularly challenging in nonendemic regions. We present the case of a 78-year-old male with a one-year history of nasal lesions, later diagnosed with ENKTCL-NT. The patient was treated with curative-intent radiotherapy, achieving a complete clinical response. Radiation therapy, particularly utilizing advanced techniques such as Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), resulted in favorable outcomes with minimal toxicity. This case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, accurate staging, and personalized radiotherapy in the management of ENKTCL-NT. Ongoing research into the molecular pathogenesis, treatment strategies, and prognostic factors is crucial for improving outcomes, particularly in advanced-stage disease.