What Is the relationship between narcissism and maladaptive daydreaming? The role of defense mechanisms as mediators

Objective: Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is a recently defined clinical condition characterized by an excessively immersive use of fantasy and imagination, which can significantly impact both professional and social life. The primary aim of this study is to examine potential associations between MD levels, narcissistic personality traits, and defense mechanisms. Additionally, the study aims to test mediation models to explore the direct and indirect roles of narcissism on MD levels through defense mechanisms. Methods: A total of 562 participants (mean age = 27.16 years; SD = 10.21; 68% female) completed an online survey comprising a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS), the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), and the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self Report-30 item (DMRS-SR-30). Results: The MDS score was positively related to the PNI total and subscales. Moreover, there were negative associations with mature defenses, and a positive association with neurotic and immature defenses. Age showed a weak negative association with MDS. A direct effect of narcissism on MD levels and an indirect impact through immature and neurotic defense and direct trough mature defenses, emerged. Conclusions: The significant associations found in this study support a link between narcissistic personality traits and MD, where defenses seem to play a relevant role. Relevance to Clinical Practice: These findings underscore the potential benefits of treatments and clinical interventions aimed at fostering mature defense mechanisms. Such approaches can be particularly valuable for young adults in managing psychological distress linked to narcissistic vulnerability, which directly contributes to maladaptive fantasies and social withdrawal.