Fragility functions for low-damage post-tensioned timber frames

The growing concern over environmental impact and the significant improvement in the quality of engineered wood products have led to the rapid growth of the timber building industry in the last decades. Although traditional, yet recent, mass timber structural systems, such as cross-laminated timber walls, can provide satisfactory seismic performance during earthquakes in terms of life-safety, the crucial need for more resilient timber buildings has prompted the development of low-damage high-performance self-centring and dissipative solutions based on unbonded post-tensioned hybrid connections, referred to as Pres-Lam technology. The flexibility of design and construction speed, combined with the enhanced seismic performance, create a unique potential towards an earthquake-proof sustainable building system. Despite the growing popularity of the technology, a comprehensive framework for the fragility analysis, to be used in risk and loss modelling applications, has not yet been developed for both component and building levels.This article aims to develop a framework for assessing the fragility curves of moment-resisting Pres-Lam frame systems, at both structural system and connection levels, by using and comparing different approaches that involve nonlinear static (pushover) and time history dynamic analyses. A Python-based parametric workflow was developed to evaluate fragility curves for a wide range of case-study buildings. Particularly, three distinct structures were selected, and their fragility curves were evaluated utilizing alternative methodologies at a building structural-system level. Finally, fragility models were fitted for individual structural connections using the results of time-history analyses. These models are intended for use in a component-based loss assessment.