In the spatial interference paradigm, when responding to the direction of lateralized gaze and arrow targets, opposite congruency effects are observed. Arrows typically produce a standard congruency effect (SCE), with faster responses when the target’s direction aligns with its location. Conversely, gaze targets result in a reversed congruency effect (RCE), with slower responses under the same condition. It is hypothesized that while gaze cues trigger a spatial interference component similar to arrows, they also introduce an additional social component that contributes to the RCE. To further explore this dissociation, we reanalyzed data from eleven studies using a distributional approach, computing conditional accuracy functions (CAF) and delta plots. Additionally, data from seven studies were modeled using the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) to compare eye-gaze versus arrows. A linear mixed modeling approach was used for comparisons between conditions and DDM parameters. CAF results showed the typical pattern for non-social targets: lower accuracy rates in incongruent trials within the fastest responses, while congruent trials maintained stable accuracy. For social targets, both congruency conditions showed a general reduction in accuracy for the fastest responses, with congruent trials having even lower accuracy rates than incongruent ones. Delta plot analysis indicated no reduction of the interference effect for non-social stimuli, but for social stimuli, there was an increase in the reversion effect for medium reaction times. Regarding the DDM contrasts, a higher drift rate (v) was observed for congruent trials with non-social stimuli, whereas no differences were observed between congruency levels for eye-gaze stimuli. For the non-decision time parameter (t0), lower t0 was observed for congruent trials in both target types, but t0 was overall higher for social than for non-social targets. These findings extend previous research, suggesting a complex interplay between task-relevant and task-irrelevant information as represented by the distributional analysis tools. The CAF results indicate that the dissociation might be initiated during the early processing stages, potentially due to the social component of gaze processing. Moreover, the differences in drift rate suggest that the speed of information processing differs between both stimulus types, aligning with the notion that an extra component might be activated when dealing with social stimuli.

Structural analysis of the spatial interference effects produced by social and non-social stimuli in the Social Stroop task / Ponce, Renato; Marotta, Andrea; Casagrande, Maria; González-García, Carlos; Lupiáñez, Juan. - (2024). (Intervento presentato al convegno SEPEX tenutosi a Almería, Spain).

Structural analysis of the spatial interference effects produced by social and non-social stimuli in the Social Stroop task

Renato Ponce
;
Andrea Marotta;Maria Casagrande;
2024

Abstract

In the spatial interference paradigm, when responding to the direction of lateralized gaze and arrow targets, opposite congruency effects are observed. Arrows typically produce a standard congruency effect (SCE), with faster responses when the target’s direction aligns with its location. Conversely, gaze targets result in a reversed congruency effect (RCE), with slower responses under the same condition. It is hypothesized that while gaze cues trigger a spatial interference component similar to arrows, they also introduce an additional social component that contributes to the RCE. To further explore this dissociation, we reanalyzed data from eleven studies using a distributional approach, computing conditional accuracy functions (CAF) and delta plots. Additionally, data from seven studies were modeled using the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) to compare eye-gaze versus arrows. A linear mixed modeling approach was used for comparisons between conditions and DDM parameters. CAF results showed the typical pattern for non-social targets: lower accuracy rates in incongruent trials within the fastest responses, while congruent trials maintained stable accuracy. For social targets, both congruency conditions showed a general reduction in accuracy for the fastest responses, with congruent trials having even lower accuracy rates than incongruent ones. Delta plot analysis indicated no reduction of the interference effect for non-social stimuli, but for social stimuli, there was an increase in the reversion effect for medium reaction times. Regarding the DDM contrasts, a higher drift rate (v) was observed for congruent trials with non-social stimuli, whereas no differences were observed between congruency levels for eye-gaze stimuli. For the non-decision time parameter (t0), lower t0 was observed for congruent trials in both target types, but t0 was overall higher for social than for non-social targets. These findings extend previous research, suggesting a complex interplay between task-relevant and task-irrelevant information as represented by the distributional analysis tools. The CAF results indicate that the dissociation might be initiated during the early processing stages, potentially due to the social component of gaze processing. Moreover, the differences in drift rate suggest that the speed of information processing differs between both stimulus types, aligning with the notion that an extra component might be activated when dealing with social stimuli.
2024
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1723954
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