Free fatty acids (FFAs) play a fundamental role in industry as they are used in various sectors, from the food and pharmaceutical industry to biofuels production. Traditionally these molecules are produced employing aggressive chemicals and high temperatures [1], so, the use of immobilized lipases has recently emerged as a promising alternative. Also, the use of lignocellulosic wastes as lipase supports has aroused great interest [2] due to their wide availability, non-toxicity, renewability, etc. [3,4]. For these reasons, this work aimed to use spent coffee grounds (SCG) for the synthesis of solid biocatalysts capable of synthesizing FFAs from olive oil. Three solid biocatalysts derived from the immobilization of commercial lipase from Candida rugosa (C-CRL), lipase (isoenzyme 1) from Candida rugosa (Lip1), and lipase from Rhizopus oryzae (ROL) were studied. The solid biocatalysts were obtained through adsorption [5] on the treated waste material and immobilization parameters such as time, pH, and initial activity in the immobilization mixture were optimized for all three types of enzymes. The aim was to obtain the solid biocatalyst with the highest possible activity and the success of the immobilization procedures was evaluated by considering the activity recovery (%), immobilization efficiency (%), and activity of the solid biocatalyst (U/g). The synthesized solid biocatalysts were also characterized in terms of pH and thermal stability and each was found to be more stable than the starting free enzyme. Finally, all optimized solid biocatalysts were used in the hydrolysis of olive oil at 30 °C. Operational stability was also tested by repeating the hydrolysis procedure for several cycles and washing the solid biocatalyst after each use. All three solid biocatalysts demonstrated excellent operational stability, being able to be reused for up to 6 consecutive cycles. However, immobilized C-CRL showed the best hydrolysis percentage (23%) and the best specific Space-Time Yield (STY) [6] (8.8 g L−1 d−1). In conclusion, this study addressed the pressing need for sustainable methods of raw material production using lipases immobilized on a lignocellulosic waste. The procedure was proved to be a promising alternative to traditional methods, offering advantages such as eco-friendliness and enzyme reuse.
Immobilized Lipases on Spent Coffee Grounds for Enhanced and Sustainable Oil Hydrolysis / Chiappini, Viviana; Girelli, Anna Maria. - (2024). (Intervento presentato al convegno XXVIII Congresso Nazionale della Società Chimica Italiana tenutosi a Milano, Italy).
Immobilized Lipases on Spent Coffee Grounds for Enhanced and Sustainable Oil Hydrolysis
Viviana Chiappini
Primo
;Anna Maria Girelli
2024
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) play a fundamental role in industry as they are used in various sectors, from the food and pharmaceutical industry to biofuels production. Traditionally these molecules are produced employing aggressive chemicals and high temperatures [1], so, the use of immobilized lipases has recently emerged as a promising alternative. Also, the use of lignocellulosic wastes as lipase supports has aroused great interest [2] due to their wide availability, non-toxicity, renewability, etc. [3,4]. For these reasons, this work aimed to use spent coffee grounds (SCG) for the synthesis of solid biocatalysts capable of synthesizing FFAs from olive oil. Three solid biocatalysts derived from the immobilization of commercial lipase from Candida rugosa (C-CRL), lipase (isoenzyme 1) from Candida rugosa (Lip1), and lipase from Rhizopus oryzae (ROL) were studied. The solid biocatalysts were obtained through adsorption [5] on the treated waste material and immobilization parameters such as time, pH, and initial activity in the immobilization mixture were optimized for all three types of enzymes. The aim was to obtain the solid biocatalyst with the highest possible activity and the success of the immobilization procedures was evaluated by considering the activity recovery (%), immobilization efficiency (%), and activity of the solid biocatalyst (U/g). The synthesized solid biocatalysts were also characterized in terms of pH and thermal stability and each was found to be more stable than the starting free enzyme. Finally, all optimized solid biocatalysts were used in the hydrolysis of olive oil at 30 °C. Operational stability was also tested by repeating the hydrolysis procedure for several cycles and washing the solid biocatalyst after each use. All three solid biocatalysts demonstrated excellent operational stability, being able to be reused for up to 6 consecutive cycles. However, immobilized C-CRL showed the best hydrolysis percentage (23%) and the best specific Space-Time Yield (STY) [6] (8.8 g L−1 d−1). In conclusion, this study addressed the pressing need for sustainable methods of raw material production using lipases immobilized on a lignocellulosic waste. The procedure was proved to be a promising alternative to traditional methods, offering advantages such as eco-friendliness and enzyme reuse.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
