The role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in Mild Cognitive Impairment and in Alzheimer's disease: a review on the most recent literature Introduction Neurochemical changes, measured through 1H-MRS, are present in several neurodegenerative diseases, in which aging is the primary risk factor. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, while Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) represents its prodromal stage. 1H-MRS represents an important tool useful to quantify metabolites (including N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), glutamate, glutamine, g-aminobutyric-acid, myoinositol, choline, creatine (Cr) and glutathione) in different regions of brain in order to diagnose early AD and to monitor its progression in the clinical stages. Aim The aim of this work was the identification by 1H-MRS of possible metabolic biomarkers which could help in distinguishing among normal aging, MCI patients and AD patients. Methods We have selected clinical trials of the last ten years from PubMed and Scopus based on inclusion criteria. We have chosen studies in which levels of metabolites are estimated in different brain regions: posterior cingulate gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, left hippocampus, right cortical area, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left parietal lobe, left lateral temporal lobe. We have selected clinical studies obtained using 1.5 T or 3.0 T imager MRS in normal aging, MCI patients and in AD patients. Results Twenty articles satisfy the inclusion criteria. The most studied region present in the literature is the posterior cingulate gyrus which showed a significant reduction in NAA/Cr ratio and an increased level of myoinositol in the AD group than the control group. These metabolic alterations are in agreement with the hypothesis of neuron reduction and glia activation in this region which is related to emotions and memory. Brain bioenergetics are defective in AD. Glutamate (major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system), glutamine (precursor of glutamate), glutathione (primary antioxidant that plays a role in cell protection against oxidative damage) and g-aminobutyric-acid (with an important role in the inhibition of the central nervous system) undergo changes between the different groups. Conclusions 1H-MRS represents an important tool for the evaluation of metabolites changes, used as potentially biomarkers and associated with the loss of neuronal integrity. 1H-MRS can detect cognitive deterioration and assess the conversion from MCI to AD, evaluating different pathophysiology stages. References (max 3, optional) - A comparative study of posterior cingulate metabolism in patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease, Mingming Huang, HuiYu, Xi Cai, Yong Zhang, Wei Pu, Bo Gao, Scientific Reports, 2023 - Predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease using brain 1 H-MRS and volumetric changes: A two- year retrospective follow-up study Micaela Mitolo, Michelangelo Stanzani-Maserati, Sabina Capellari, Claudia Testa, Paola Rucci, Roberto Poda, Federico Oppi, Roberto Gallassi, Luisa Sambati, Giovanni Rizzo, Piero Parchi, Stefania Evangelisti, Lia Talozzi, Caterina Tonona, Raffaele Lodi, Rocco Liguori, NeuroImage Clinical, 2019
The role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in Mild Cognitive Impairment and in Alzheimer's disease: a review on the most recent literature / Zecca, Valentina; Singh, Taljinder; Palombelli, Gianmauro; Canese, Rossella. - (2023). (Intervento presentato al convegno NeuroMI 2023 Annual Meeting tenutosi a Milan).
The role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in Mild Cognitive Impairment and in Alzheimer's disease: a review on the most recent literature
Valentina Zecca;Taljinder Singh;
2023
Abstract
The role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in Mild Cognitive Impairment and in Alzheimer's disease: a review on the most recent literature Introduction Neurochemical changes, measured through 1H-MRS, are present in several neurodegenerative diseases, in which aging is the primary risk factor. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, while Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) represents its prodromal stage. 1H-MRS represents an important tool useful to quantify metabolites (including N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), glutamate, glutamine, g-aminobutyric-acid, myoinositol, choline, creatine (Cr) and glutathione) in different regions of brain in order to diagnose early AD and to monitor its progression in the clinical stages. Aim The aim of this work was the identification by 1H-MRS of possible metabolic biomarkers which could help in distinguishing among normal aging, MCI patients and AD patients. Methods We have selected clinical trials of the last ten years from PubMed and Scopus based on inclusion criteria. We have chosen studies in which levels of metabolites are estimated in different brain regions: posterior cingulate gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, left hippocampus, right cortical area, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left parietal lobe, left lateral temporal lobe. We have selected clinical studies obtained using 1.5 T or 3.0 T imager MRS in normal aging, MCI patients and in AD patients. Results Twenty articles satisfy the inclusion criteria. The most studied region present in the literature is the posterior cingulate gyrus which showed a significant reduction in NAA/Cr ratio and an increased level of myoinositol in the AD group than the control group. These metabolic alterations are in agreement with the hypothesis of neuron reduction and glia activation in this region which is related to emotions and memory. Brain bioenergetics are defective in AD. Glutamate (major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system), glutamine (precursor of glutamate), glutathione (primary antioxidant that plays a role in cell protection against oxidative damage) and g-aminobutyric-acid (with an important role in the inhibition of the central nervous system) undergo changes between the different groups. Conclusions 1H-MRS represents an important tool for the evaluation of metabolites changes, used as potentially biomarkers and associated with the loss of neuronal integrity. 1H-MRS can detect cognitive deterioration and assess the conversion from MCI to AD, evaluating different pathophysiology stages. References (max 3, optional) - A comparative study of posterior cingulate metabolism in patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease, Mingming Huang, HuiYu, Xi Cai, Yong Zhang, Wei Pu, Bo Gao, Scientific Reports, 2023 - Predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease using brain 1 H-MRS and volumetric changes: A two- year retrospective follow-up study Micaela Mitolo, Michelangelo Stanzani-Maserati, Sabina Capellari, Claudia Testa, Paola Rucci, Roberto Poda, Federico Oppi, Roberto Gallassi, Luisa Sambati, Giovanni Rizzo, Piero Parchi, Stefania Evangelisti, Lia Talozzi, Caterina Tonona, Raffaele Lodi, Rocco Liguori, NeuroImage Clinical, 2019I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
