The five factors of personality and personal values: An update with the refined theory

A large body of research focused on the relationship between the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits and Schwartz's basic values. Existing studies, however, have considered Schwartz's theory in its classical form, which identifies 10 broad values. This is the first study to examine this relationship by using the recent refinement of the value theory, which adopts a finer partitioning of the motivational continuum. It examined the associations between the FFM, as measured by the NEO PI-R, and the 19 values in the refined theory (n = 296, 49 % male, 51 % female). Results appear to suggest that a more precise insight into how the five factors relate to the whole system of values can be attained by considering a narrower conceptualization of values. For example, Conscientiousness exhibited the strongest association with Conformity-Rules (i.e., compliance with rules and formal obligations) but was unrelated with Conformity-Interpersonal (i.e., avoidance of upsetting others). This latter correlated highly with Agreeableness. Failing to differentiate between the two Conformity subtypes may have weakened the correlation with traits in earlier studies. Findings were discussed regarding subtypes of the original 10 and newly defined values in the refined theory that showed distinct patterns of correlation with personality traits.