Background The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year.Methods For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol.Findings The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0.603 (0.400-1.00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0.002 (0-0) and 1.75 (0.698-4.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0.114 (0-0.403) to 1.87 (0.500-3.30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0.193 (0-0.900) and 6.94 (3.40-8.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59.1% (54.3-65.4) were aged 15-39 years and 76.9% (73.0-81.3) were male.Interpretation There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol.
Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year. A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2020 / Bryazka, D; Reitsma, Mb; Griswold, Mg; Abate, Kh; Abbafati, C; Kangevari, Ma; Kangevari, Za; Abdoli, A; Abdollahi, M; Abdullah, Am; Abhilash, Es; Abu Gharbieh, E; Acuna, Jm; Addolorato, G; Adebayo, Om; Adekanmbi, V; Adhikari, K; Adhikari, S; Adnani, Qes; Afzal, S; Agegnehu, Wy; Aggarwal, M; Ahinkorah, Bo; Ahmad, Ar; Ahmad, S; Ahmad, T; Ahmadi, A; Ahmadi, S; Ahmed, H; Rashid, Ta; Akunna, Cj; Al Hamad, H; Alam, Mz; Alem, Dt; Alene, Ka; Alimohamadi, Y; Alizadeh, A; Allel, K; Alonso, J; Alvand, S; Guzman, Na; Amare, F; Ameyaw, Ek; Amiri, S; Ancuceanu, R; Anderson, Ja; Andrei, Cl; Andrei, T; Arabloo, J; Arshad, M; Artamonov, Aa; Aryan, Z; Asaad, M; Asemahagn, Ma; Burt, Ta; Athari, Ss; Atnafu, Dd; Atorkey, P; Atreya, A; Ausloos, F; Ausloos, M; Ayano, G; Ayanore, Ma; Ayinde, Oo; Mateos, Jla; Azadnajafabad, S; Azanaw, Mm; Khyavy, Ma; Jafari, Aa; Azzam, Ay; Badiye, Ad; Bagheri, N; Bagherieh, S; Bairwa, M; Bakkannavar, Sm; Bakshi, Rk; Balchut, Ah; Null, T; Barra, F; Barrow, A; Baskaran, P; Belo, L; Bennett, Da; Bensenor, Im; Bhagavathula, As; Bhala, N; Bhalla, A; Bhardwaj, N; Bhardwaj, P; Bhaskar, S; Bhattacharyya, K; Bhojaraja, Vs; Bintoro, Bs; Blokhina, Eae; Bodicha, Bba; Boloor, A; Bosetti, C; Braithwaite, D; Brenner, H; Briko, Ni; Brunoni, Ar; Butt, Za; Cao, C; Cao, Y; Cardenas, R; Carvalho, Af; Carvalho, M; Maia, Jmc; Castelpietra, G; de Araujo, Lfsc; Cattaruzza, Ms; Chakraborty, Pa; Charan, J; Chattu, Vk; Chaurasia, A; Cherbuin, N; Chu, Dt; Chudal, N; Chung, Sc; Churko, C; Ciobanu, Lg; Cirillo, M; Claro, Rm; Costanzo, S; Cowden, Rg; Criqui, Mh; Martins, Nc; Culbreth, Gt; Dachew, Ba; Dadras, O; Dai, Xc; Damiani, G; Dandona, L; Dandona, R; Daniel, Bd; Danielewicz, A; Gela, Jd; Davletov, K; de Araujo, Jap; de Sa, Ar; Debela, Sa; Dehghan, A; Demetriades, Ak; Molla, Md; Desai, R; Desta, Aa; da Silva, Dd; Diaz, D; Digesa, Le; Diress, M; Dodangeh, M; Dongarwar, D; Dorostkar, F; Dsouza, Hl; Duko, B; Duncan, Bb; Edvardsson, K; Ekholuenetale, M; Elgar, Fj; Elhadi, M; Elmonem, Ma; Endries, Ay; Eskandarieh, S; Etemadimanesh, A; Fagbamigbe, Af; Fakhradiyev, Ir; Farahmand, F; Farinha, Cses; Faro, A; Farzadfar, F; Fatehizadeh, A; Fauk, Nk; Feigin, Vl; Feldman, R; Feng, Xq; Fentaw, Z; Ferrero, S; Desideri, Lf; Filip, I; Fischer, F; Francis, Jm; Franklin, Rc; Gaal, Pa; Gad, Mm; Gallus, S; Galvano, F; Ganesan, B; Garg, T; Gebrehiwot, Mgd; Gebremeskel, Tg; Gebremichael, Ma; Gemechu, Tr; Getacher, L; Getachew, Me; Obsa, Ag; Getie, A; Ghaderi, A; Ghafourifard, M; Ghajar, A; Ghamari, Sh; Ghandour, La; Nour, Mg; Ghashghaee, A; Ghozy, S; Glozah, Fn; Glushkova, Ev; Godos, J; Goel, A; Goharinezhad, S; Golechha, M; Goleij, P; Golitaleb, M; Greaves, F; Grivna, M; Grosso, G; Gudayu, Tw; Gupta, B; Gupta, R; Gupta, S; Gupta, Vb; Gupta, Vk; Nejad, Nh; Mirzaian, Ah; Hall, Bj; Halwani, R; Handiso, Tb; Hankey, Gj; Hariri, S; Haro, Jm; Hasaballah, Ai; Moghaddam, Hh; Hay, Si; Hayat, K; Heidari, G; Heidari, M; Hendrie, D; Herteliu, C; Heyi, Dz; Hezam, K; Hlongwa, Mm; Holla, R; Hossain, Mm; Hossain, S; Hosseini, Sk; Hosseinzadeh, M; Hostiuc, M; Hostiuc, S; Hu, Gq; Huang, Jj; Hussain, S; Ibitoye, Se; Ilic, Im; Ilic, Md; Immurana, M; Irham, Lm; Islam, Mm; Islam, Rm; Islam, Sms; Iso, H; Itumalla, R; Iwagami, M; Jabbarinejad, R; Jacob, L; Jakovljevic, M; Jamalpoor, Z; Jamshidi, E; Jayapal, Sk; Jayarajah, Uu; Jayawardena, R; Jebai, R; Jeddi, Sa; Jema, At; Jha, Rp; Jindal, Ha; Jonas, Jb; Joo, T; Joseph, N; Joukar, F; Jozwiak, Jj; Jurisson, M; Kabir, A; Kabthymer, Rh; Kamble, Bd; Kandel, H; Kanno, Gg; Kapoor, N; Karaye, Im; Karimi, Se; Kassa, Bg; Kaur, Rj; Kayode, Ga; Keykhaei, M; Khajuria, H; Khalilov, R; Khan, Ia; Ab Khan, M; Kim, H; Kim, J; Kim, Ms; Kimokoti, Rw; Kivimaki, M; Klymchuk, V; Knudsen, Aks; Kolahi, Aa; Korshunov, Va; Koyanagi, A; Krishan, K; Krishnamoorthy, Y; Kumar, Ga; Kumar, N; Ben, Lacey; Lallukka, T; Lasrado, S; Lau, J; Lee, Sw; Lee, Wc; Lee, Yh; Lim, Ll; Lim, Ss; Lobo, Sw; Lopukhov, Pd; Lorkowski, S; Lozano, R; Lucchetti, G; Madadizadeh, F; Mahjoub, S; Mahmoodpoor, A; Mahumud, Ra; Makki, A; Malekpour, Mr; Manjunatha, N; Mansouri, B; Mansournia, Ma; Raga, Jm; Villa, Fam; Matzopoulos, R; Maulik, Pk; Mayeli, M; Mcgrath, Jj; Meena, Jk; Nasab, Em; Menezes, Rg; Mensink, Gbm; Mentis, Afa; Meretoja, A; Merga, Bt; Mestrovic, T; Jonasson, Jm; Miazgowski, B; de Sa, Acmgn; Miller, Tr; Mini, G; Mirica, A; Mirijello, A; Mirmoeeni, S; Mirrakhimov, Em; Misra, S; Moazen, B; Mobarakabadi, M; Moccia, M; Mohammad, Y; Mohammadi, E; Hafshejani, Am; Mohammed, Ta; Moka, N; Mokdad, Ah; Momtazmanesh, S; Moradi, Y; Mostafavi, E; Mubarik, S; Mullany, Ec; Mulugeta, Bt; Zamora, Em; Murray, Cjl; Mwita, Jc; Naghavi, M; Naimzada, Md; Nangia, V; Nayak, Bp; Negoi, I; Negoi, Ri; Nejadghaderi, Sa; Nepal, S; Neupane, Spp; Kandel, Sn; Nigatu, Yt; Nowroozi, A; Nuruzzaman, Km; Nzoputam, Ci; Obamiro, Ko; Ogbo, Fa; Oguntade, As; Aliabad, Ho; Olakunde, Bo; Oliveira, Gmm; Bali, Ao; Omer, E; Altamirano, Dvo; Otoiu, A; Otstavnov, Ss; Oumer, B; Mahesh, Pa; Monedero, Ap; Palladino, R; Pana, A; Jonas, Sp; Pandey, A; Pardhan, S; Parekh, T; Park, Ek; Parry, Cdh; Kan, Fp; Patel, J; Pati, S; Patton, Gc; Paudel, U; Pawar, S; Peden, Ae; Petcu, Ir; Phillips, Mr; Pinheiro, M; Plotnikov, E; Pradhan, Pms; Prashant, A; Quan, Jc; Radfar, A; Rafiei, A; Raghav, Pr; Movaghar, Vr; Rahman, A; Rahman, Mm; Rahman, M; Rahmani, Am; Rahmani, S; Ranabhat, Cl; Ranasinghe, P; Rao, Cr; Rasali, Dp; Rashidi, Mm; Ratan, Za; Rawaf, Dl; Rawaf, S; Rawal, L; Renzaho, Amn; Rezaei, N; Rezaei, S; Rezaeian, M; Riahi, Sm; Rodriguez, Er; Roth, Ga; Rwegerera, Gm; Saddik, B; Sadeghi, E; Sadeghian, R; Saeed, U; Saeedi, F; Sagar, R; Sahebkar, A; Sahoo, H; Sahraian, Ma; Rahman, Ksu; Salahi, S; Salimzadeh, H; Samy, Am; Sanmarchi, F; Milicevic, Mms; Sarikhani, Y; Sathian, B; Saya, Gk; Sayyah, M; Schmidt, Mi; Schutte, Ae; Schwarzinger, M; Schwebel, Dc; Seidu, Aa; Kumar, Ns; Seyedalinaghi, S; Seylani, A; Sha, F; Shahin, S; Sanavi, Fs; Shahrokhi, S; Shaikh, Ma; Shaker, E; Shakhmardanov, Mz; Beyranvand, Ms; Sheikhbahaei, S; Sheikhi, Ra; Shetty, A; Shetty, Jk; Shiferaw, Ds; Shigematsu, M; Shiri, R; Shirkoohi, R; Shivakumar, Km; Shivarov, V; Shobeiri, P; Shrestha, R; Sidemo, Nb; Sigfusdottir, Id; Silva, Das; da Silva, Nt; Singh, Ja; Singh, S; Skryabin, Vy; Skryabina, Aa; Sleet, Da; Solmi, M; Solomon, Y; Song, S; Song, Ym; Sorensen, Rjd; Soshnikov, S; Soyiri, In; Stein, Dj; Subba, Sh; Szocska, M; Seisdedos, Rt; Tabuchi, T; Taheri, M; Tan, Kk; Tareke, M; Tarkang, Ee; Temesgen, G; Temesgen, Wa; Temsah, Mh; Thankappan, Kr; Thapar, R; Thomas, Nk; Tiruneh, C; Todorovic, J; Torrado, M; Touvier, M; Palone, Mrt; Tran, Mtn; Llimos, St; Tripathy, Jp; Vakilian, A; Valizadeh, R; Varmaghani, M; Varthya, Sb; Vasankari, Tj; Vos, T; Wagaye, B; Waheed, Y; Walde, Mt; Wang, C; Wang, Yz; Wang, Yp; Westerman, R; Wickramasinghe, Nd; Wubetu, Ad; Xu, S; Yamagishi, K; Yang, L; Yesera, Gee; Yigit, A; Yimaw, Ae; Yon, Dk; Yonemoto, N; Yu, Ch; Zadey, S; Zahir, M; Zare, I; Zastrozhin, Ms; Zastrozhina, A; Zhang, Zj; Zhong, Cw; Zmaili, M; Zuniga, Ymh; Gakidou, E; Madureira-Carvalho, Am. - In: THE LANCET. - ISSN 0140-6736. - 400:10347(2022), pp. 185-235. [10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00847-9]
Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year. A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2020
Bryazka, D; Reitsma, MB; Griswold, MG; Abate, KH; Abbafati, C ;Kangevari, MA; Kangevari, ZA; Abdoli, A; Abdollahi, M; Abdullah, AM; Abhilash, ES; Abu Gharbieh, E; Acuna, JM; Addolorato, G; Adebayo, OM; Adekanmbi, V; Adhikari, K; Adhikari, S; Adnani, QES; Afzal, S; Agegnehu, WY; Aggarwal, M; Ahinkorah, BO; Ahmad, AR; Ahmad, S ;Ahmad, T; Ahmadi, A ;Ahmadi, S ;Ahmed, H; Rashid, TA; Akunna, CJ; Al Hamad, H; Alam, MZ; Alem, DT; Alene, KA; Alimohamadi, Y; Alizadeh, A; Allel, K; Alonso, J; Alvand, S; Guzman, NA; Amare, F; Ameyaw, EK; Amiri, S; Ancuceanu, R; Anderson, JA; Andrei, CL; Andrei, T; Arabloo, J; Arshad, M; Artamonov, AA; Aryan, Z; Asaad, M; Asemahagn, MA; Burt, TA; Athari, SS; Atnafu, DD; Atorkey, P; Atreya, A; Ausloos, F; Ausloos, M ;Ayano, G; Ayanore, MA; Ayinde, OO; Mateos, JLA; Azadnajafabad, S; Azanaw, MM; Khyavy, MA; Jafari, AA; Azzam, AY; Badiye, AD; Bagheri, N; Bagherieh, S; Bairwa, M; Bakkannavar, SM; Bakshi, RK; Balchut, AH; Null, T; Barra, F; Barrow, A; Baskaran, P; Belo, L; Bennett, DA; Bensenor, IM; Bhagavathula, AS; Bhala, N; Bhalla, A; Bhardwaj, N; Bhardwaj, P ;Bhaskar, S; Bhattacharyya, K; Bhojaraja, VS; Bintoro, BS; Blokhina, EAE; Bodicha, BBA; Boloor, A; Bosetti, C ;Braithwaite, D; Brenner, H; Briko, NI; Brunoni, AR; Butt, ZA; Cao, C; Cao, Y ;Cardenas, R; Carvalho, AF; Carvalho, M ;Maia, JMC; Castelpietra, G; de Araujo, LFSC; Cattaruzza, MS ;Chakraborty, PA; Charan, J; Chattu, VK; Chaurasia, A; Cherbuin, N; Chu, DT; Chudal, N; Chung, SC; Churko, C; Ciobanu, LG; Cirillo, M; Claro, RM; Costanzo, S; Cowden, RG; Criqui, MH; Martins, NC; Culbreth, GT; Dachew, BA; Dadras, O; Dai, XC; Damiani, G; Dandona, L; Dandona, R; Daniel, BD; Danielewicz, A; Gela, JD; Davletov, K; de Araujo, JAP; de Sa, AR; Debela, SA; Dehghan, A; Demetriades, AK; Molla, MD; Desai, R; Desta, AA; da Silva, DD; Diaz, D; Digesa, LE; Diress, M; Dodangeh, M; Dongarwar, D; Dorostkar, F; Dsouza, HL; Duko, B; Duncan, BB; Edvardsson, K; Ekholuenetale, M; Elgar, FJ; Elhadi, M; Elmonem, MA; Endries, AY; Eskandarieh, S; Etemadimanesh, A; Fagbamigbe, AF; Fakhradiyev, IR; Farahmand, F; Farinha, CSES; Faro, A ;Farzadfar, F; Fatehizadeh, A; Fauk, NK; Feigin, VL; Feldman, R; Feng, XQ; Fentaw, Z; Ferrero, S; Desideri, LF; Filip, I; Fischer, F ;Francis, JM; Franklin, RC; Gaal, PA; Gad, MM; Gallus, S; Galvano, F ;Ganesan, B; Garg, T; Gebrehiwot, MGD; Gebremeskel, TG; Gebremichael, MA; Gemechu, TR; Getacher, L; Getachew, ME; Obsa, AG; Getie, A; Ghaderi, A; Ghafourifard, M; Ghajar, A; Ghamari, SH; Ghandour, LA; Nour, MG; Ghashghaee, A; Ghozy, S; Glozah, FN; Glushkova, EV; Godos, J; Goel, A; Goharinezhad, S; Golechha, M; Goleij, P; Golitaleb, M; Greaves, F; Grivna, M; Grosso, G; Gudayu, TW; Gupta, B; Gupta, R ;Gupta, S; Gupta, VB; Gupta, VK; Nejad, NH; Mirzaian, AH; Hall, BJ; Halwani, R; Handiso, TB; Hankey, GJ; Hariri, S; Haro, JM; Hasaballah, AI; Moghaddam, HH; Hay, SI; Hayat, K; Heidari, G; Heidari, M; Hendrie, D; Herteliu, C; Heyi, DZ; Hezam, K; Hlongwa, MM; Holla, R; Hossain, MM; Hossain, S ;Hosseini, SK; Hosseinzadeh, M; Hostiuc, M; Hostiuc, S; Hu, GQ; Huang, JJ; Hussain, S; Ibitoye, SE; Ilic, IM; Ilic, MD; Immurana, M; Irham, LM; Islam, MM; Islam, RM; Islam, SMS; Iso, H; Itumalla, R; Iwagami, M; Jabbarinejad, R; Jacob, L; Jakovljevic, M; Jamalpoor, Z; Jamshidi, E; Jayapal, SK; Jayarajah, UU; Jayawardena, R; Jebai, R; Jeddi, SA; Jema, AT; Jha, RP; Jindal, HA; Jonas, JB; Joo, T; Joseph, N; Joukar, F; Jozwiak, JJ; Jurisson, M; Kabir, A; Kabthymer, RH; Kamble, BD; Kandel, H; Kanno, GG; Kapoor, N; Karaye, IM; Karimi, SE ;Kassa, BG; Kaur, RJ; Kayode, GA; Keykhaei, M; Khajuria, H; Khalilov, R; Khan, IA; Ab Khan, M; Kim, H; Kim, J; Kim, MS; Kimokoti, RW; Kivimaki, M; Klymchuk, V; Knudsen, AKS; Kolahi, AA; Korshunov, VA; Koyanagi, A; Krishan, K; Krishnamoorthy, Y; Kumar, GA; Kumar, N ;Ben Lacey; Lallukka, T; Lasrado, S; Lau, J; Lee, SW; Lee, WC; Lee, YH; Lim, LL; Lim, SS; Lobo, SW; Lopukhov, PD; Lorkowski, S; Lozano, R ;Lucchetti, G; Madadizadeh, F; Mahjoub, S; Mahmoodpoor, A; Mahumud, RA; Makki, A; Malekpour, MR; Manjunatha, N; Mansouri, B; Mansournia, MA; Raga, JM; Villa, FAM; Matzopoulos, R; Maulik, PK; Mayeli, M; McGrath, JJ; Meena, JK; Nasab, EM; Menezes, RG; Mensink, GBM; Mentis, AFA; Meretoja, A; Merga, BT; Mestrovic, T; Jonasson, JM; Miazgowski, B; de Sa, ACMGN; Miller, TR; Mini, G; Mirica, A; Mirijello, A; Mirmoeeni, S; Mirrakhimov, EM; Misra, S; Moazen, B; Mobarakabadi, M; Moccia, M ;Mohammad, Y; Mohammadi, E; Hafshejani, AM; Mohammed, TA ;Moka, N; Mokdad, AH; Momtazmanesh, S; Moradi, Y; Mostafavi, E; Mubarik, S; Mullany, EC; Mulugeta, BT; Zamora, EM; Murray, CJL; Mwita, JC; Naghavi, M; Naimzada, MD; Nangia, V; Nayak, BP; Negoi, I; Negoi, RI; Nejadghaderi, SA; Nepal, S; Neupane, SPP; Kandel, SN; Nigatu, YT; Nowroozi, A; Nuruzzaman, KM; Nzoputam, CI; Obamiro, KO; Ogbo, FA; Oguntade, AS; Aliabad, HO; Olakunde, BO; Oliveira, GMM; Bali, AO; Omer, E; Altamirano, DVO; Otoiu, A; Otstavnov, SS; Oumer, B; Mahesh, PA; Monedero, AP; Palladino, R; Pana, A; Jonas, SP; Pandey, A; Pardhan, S; Parekh, T; Park, EK; Parry, CDH; Kan, FP; Patel, J; Pati, S; Patton, GC; Paudel, U; Pawar, S; Peden, AE; Petcu, IR; Phillips, MR; Pinheiro, M; Plotnikov, E; Pradhan, PMS; Prashant, A; Quan, JC; Radfar, A; Rafiei, A; Raghav, PR; Movaghar, VR; Rahman, A; Rahman, MM; Rahman, M; Rahmani, AM; Rahmani, S; Ranabhat, CL; Ranasinghe, P; Rao, CR; Rasali, DP; Rashidi, MM; Ratan, ZA; Rawaf, DL; Rawaf, S; Rawal, L; Renzaho, AMN; Rezaei, N; Rezaei, S; Rezaeian, M; Riahi, SM; Rodriguez, ER; Roth, GA; Rwegerera, GM; Saddik, B; Sadeghi, E; Sadeghian, R; Saeed, U; Saeedi, F; Sagar, R; Sahebkar, A; Sahoo, H; Sahraian, MA; Rahman, KSU; Salahi, S; Salimzadeh, H; Samy, AM; Sanmarchi, F; Milicevic, MMS; Sarikhani, Y; Sathian, B; Saya, GK; Sayyah, M; Schmidt, MI; Schutte, AE; Schwarzinger, M; Schwebel, DC; Seidu, AA; Kumar, NS; SeyedAlinaghi, S; Seylani, A; Sha, F; Shahin, S; Sanavi, FS; Shahrokhi, S; Shaikh, MA; Shaker, E; Shakhmardanov, MZ; Beyranvand, MS; Sheikhbahaei, S; Sheikhi, RA; Shetty, A; Shetty, JK; Shiferaw, DS; Shigematsu, M; Shiri, R; Shirkoohi, R; Shivakumar, KM; Shivarov, V; Shobeiri, P; Shrestha, R; Sidemo, NB; Sigfusdottir, ID; Silva, DAS; da Silva, NT; Singh, JA; Singh, S; Skryabin, VY; Skryabina, AA; Sleet, DA; Solmi, M; Solomon, Y; Song, S; Song, YM; Sorensen, RJD; Soshnikov, S; Soyiri, IN; Stein, DJ; Subba, SH; Szocska, M; Seisdedos, RT; Tabuchi, T; Taheri, M; Tan, KK; Tareke, M; Tarkang, EE; Temesgen, G; Temesgen, WA; Temsah, MH; Thankappan, KR; Thapar, R; Thomas, NK; Tiruneh, C; Todorovic, J; Torrado, M; Touvier, M; Palone, MRT; Tran, MTN; Llimos, ST; Tripathy, JP; Vakilian, A; Valizadeh, R; Varmaghani, M; Varthya, SB; Vasankari, TJ; Vos, T; Wagaye, B; Waheed, Y; Walde, MT; Wang, C; Wang, YZ; Wang, YP; Westerman, R; Wickramasinghe, ND; Wubetu, AD; Xu, S; Yamagishi, K; Yang, L ;Yesera, GEE; Yigit, A; Yimaw, AE; Yon, DK; Yonemoto, N; Yu, CH; Zadey, S; Zahir, M; Zare, I; Zastrozhin, MS; Zastrozhina, A; Zhang, ZJ; Zhong, CW; Zmaili, M; Zuniga, YMH; Gakidou, E; Madureira-Carvalho, AM
2022
Abstract
Background The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year.Methods For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol.Findings The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0.603 (0.400-1.00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0.002 (0-0) and 1.75 (0.698-4.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0.114 (0-0.403) to 1.87 (0.500-3.30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0.193 (0-0.900) and 6.94 (3.40-8.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59.1% (54.3-65.4) were aged 15-39 years and 76.9% (73.0-81.3) were male.Interpretation There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol.
Citazione
Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year. A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2020 / Bryazka, D; Reitsma, Mb; Griswold, Mg; Abate, Kh; Abbafati, C; Kangevari, Ma; Kangevari, Za; Abdoli, A; Abdollahi, M; Abdullah, Am; Abhilash, Es; Abu Gharbieh, E; Acuna, Jm; Addolorato, G; Adebayo, Om; Adekanmbi, V; Adhikari, K; Adhikari, S; Adnani, Qes; Afzal, S; Agegnehu, Wy; Aggarwal, M; Ahinkorah, Bo; Ahmad, Ar; Ahmad, S; Ahmad, T; Ahmadi, A; Ahmadi, S; Ahmed, H; Rashid, Ta; Akunna, Cj; Al Hamad, H; Alam, Mz; Alem, Dt; Alene, Ka; Alimohamadi, Y; Alizadeh, A; Allel, K; Alonso, J; Alvand, S; Guzman, Na; Amare, F; Ameyaw, Ek; Amiri, S; Ancuceanu, R; Anderson, Ja; Andrei, Cl; Andrei, T; Arabloo, J; Arshad, M; Artamonov, Aa; Aryan, Z; Asaad, M; Asemahagn, Ma; Burt, Ta; Athari, Ss; Atnafu, Dd; Atorkey, P; Atreya, A; Ausloos, F; Ausloos, M; Ayano, G; Ayanore, Ma; Ayinde, Oo; Mateos, Jla; Azadnajafabad, S; Azanaw, Mm; Khyavy, Ma; Jafari, Aa; Azzam, Ay; Badiye, Ad; Bagheri, N; Bagherieh, S; Bairwa, M; Bakkannavar, Sm; Bakshi, Rk; 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[10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00847-9]
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Il report seguente simula gli indicatori relativi alla propria produzione scientifica in relazione alle soglie ASN 2023-2025 del proprio SC/SSD. Si ricorda che il superamento dei valori soglia (almeno 2 su 3) è requisito necessario ma non sufficiente al conseguimento dell'abilitazione.
