Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in a remote area of Sierra Leone. impact on patient management and training program for community health officers

Purpose: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been shown to have unique potential in low-income countries. Physicians and other healthcare providers can perform effective scans after a short period of training. This study aimed to evaluate indications and utility of ultrasonography as the main imaging service in a poor rural sub-Saharan region of Africa. Second, it evaluated the effect of a short training on POCUS for non-physician health providers and their agreement with a group of Italian physicians. Methods: This study was undertaken in Lokomasama-a chiefdom of Sierra Leone-between January and February 2019. Based on clinical indications, ultrasound findings were evaluated with respect to the initial diagnostic hypothesis. Volunteer doctors conducted a theoretical-practical training of two community health officers (CHO) on chest and abdominal POCUS and E-FAST protocol. The evaluation of the achieved technical skills was obtained with a numeric score. Inter-observer agreement concerning ultrasound diagnosis based on clinical indications was assessed. Results: A total of 196 consecutive patients underwent ultrasound examination. POCUS findings were in keeping with the clinical diagnosis in the 49.5%. POCUS changed the initial diagnosis in 17% of cases. After training, E-FAST and POCUS knowledge score was 90% and 83%, respectively. An excellent inter-observer agreement (0.88) was found between CHOs and physicians. Conclusion: POCUS represents a powerful diagnostic tool in a low-income country that may improve the patient management. Training of non-physician health providers is doable and may improve healthcare management in resource-limited settings.