Breast imaging screening in a BRCA1-mutated lactating patient: a potential pitfall mimicking malignancy

Breast imaging screening during lactation poses a real clinical challenge, especially in high-risk patients. We presented the case of a 34-year-old BRCA1-mutated woman showing marked, asymmetric background parenchymal enhancement on the right breast suspicious for malignancy in the context of annual screening magnetic resonance imaging. The patient revealed that she was still occasionally breastfeeding her two-year-old child only from right side. Ultrasound evaluation reported typical benign lactational findings on the right enhancing breast. An in-depth understanding of expected/ physiologic breast changes during lactation and an accurate clinical-radiological correlation are required to appropriately guide patient management and avoid misdiagnosis.