Uterine undifferentiated sarcoma associated with primary adenocarcinoid of ileum: an unusual second primary malignancy with therapeutic implications

Purpose Uterine sarcomas and small bowel neuroendocrine tumours are both uncommon neoplasms. We report the case of a patient affected by an undifferentiated uterine sarcoma and synchronous adenocarcinoid of the ileum, in which surgery played a key role.Methods A 57-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with a 6-month history of pelvic pain and uterine bleeding. Examination revealed a polypoid mass of 15 mm in diameter protruding from external os. Abdomino-pelvic MRI identified another solid nodule of 20 mm in diameter in the ileal wall.Results Histology demonstrated an undifferentiated uterine sarcoma. However, the ileal nodule proved to be an adenocarcinoid and not a metastatic deposit of the uterine malignancy.Conclusions Histological evaluation of uncertain lesions may help in providing appropriate treatment and hence, a better survival.