A névmási tárgy az olaszban és a magyarban. Összehasonlító tipológiai elemzés (The use of pronouns in the expression of direct objects in Italian and Hungarian. A typological approach)

The systems of personal and demonstrative pronouns functioning as direct objects are confronted in two very different languages as Italian and Hungarian, adopting the approach of typological linguistics. Transitivity is a crucial relationship in human language, having a number of universally predictable consequences in grammar. In Hungarian all objects are obligatorily case-marked and, furthermore, referential 3rd person objects falling under the category of DP in syntax are indexed in the verb by the objective conjugation (synthetic system). Italian has differential object marking: it case-marks direct objects only among personal pronouns and distinguishes gender in the 3rd person (analytical system). It seems that direct objects of the 3rd person must be particularly distinguished formally in some way in order to avoid ambiguity. This purpose is obtained differently in languages and we have pursued the devices of Italian and Hungarian in contrast.