General use of rubber tire powder in concrete; a review

Generally, using rubber as fine aggregate in mortar and concrete showed some advantages, of which some properties are improved, and some disadvantages, of which some properties have defected. The advantages of using rubber sand are decreasing density, improving impact energy, improving impact load, increasing toughness, increasing ductility, increasing freeze/thaw resistance, increasing thermal insulation, increasing sound insulation, increasing damping capacity, increasing strain capacity, reducing micro-cracks after firing, increasing abrasion resistance (according to rubber sand content and w/c ratio) increasing resistance against HCl attack, improving energy absorption, increasing electrical resistance and increasing cracking resistance. On the other hand, the disadvantages of using rubber sand are decreasing workability, increasing bleeding, decreasing mechanical strength, increasing drying shrinkage, decreasing carbonation resistance, decreasing corrosion resistance (rubber sand content P 10%), increasing water absorption, increasing chloride ion penetration depth and decreasing sulfuric acid resistance. bleeding, decreasing mechanical strength, increasing drying shrinkage, decreasing carbonation resistance, decreasing corrosion resistance (rubber sand content P 10%), increasing water absorption, increasing chloride ion penetration depth and decreasing sulfuric acid resistance.