Chronic Treatment with Ethanolic Extract of the Leaves of Azadirachta indica Ameliorates Lesions of Pancreatic Islets in Streptozotocin Diabetes

Botanical drugs are complementary therapies in the management of diabetes mellitus. In this work, we studied the effects of chronic treatment of diabetic rats with A. indica (neem) on blood glucose, pancreatic islet histopathology, and oxidative status of the pancreas. Fifty-four Wistar rats (5-8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups. Hyperglycemia was induced in 34 fasted rats with a single i.p. injection of STZ (70 mg/kg bw/d). Ethanolic extract of A. indica leaves (500 mg/kg bw/d) was given orally to diabetic rats (n=12) for 50d. Glibenclamide was given (p.o) at 600 μg/ kg bw/d. In each group, blood glucose, islet histopathology, and pancreatic oxidative status, were assessed. All hyperglycemic rats in the neem-treated group had become normoglycemic at the end of week 2. By 50d, the number of viable b cells was highest in the neem-treated diabetic rats (compared with the diabetic and glibenclamide groups). Similarly, islet histology showed marked improvement in this group, in addition to improved oxidative stress. Our findings confirmed the hypoglycemic effect of neem. Besides, the improved islet morphology and oxidative status in neem-treated diabetic rats suggest the potential of this herb at improving lesions of the pancreatic islet in diabetes mellitus.