Bilateral diffuse choroidal hemangioma in Sturge Weber syndrome: a case report highlighting the role of multimodal imaging and a brief review of the literature

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a patient with bilateral choroidal hemangioma in Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) and highlight multimodal imaging techniques for early detection and management of ocular alterations. Methods: A 37-year-old woman with diagnosis of SWS presented to our unit. The patient had been treated with pulsed dye laser for bilateral nevus flammeus and had right leptomeningeal angiomatosis. She had glaucoma, but ultrasound biomicroscopy did not show anterior chamber or ciliary body alterations. Results: Enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed bilateral diffuse choroidal hemangiomas in both eyes with choroidal thickness above 1000 μm. B-scan ultrasound examination showed diffuse choroidal hemangioma in both eyes, with a choroidal thickness of 1.53 mm and 1.94 mm in the right and left eye (RE, LE), respectively. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber evaluation showed thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in both eyes. Conclusions: This report highlights multimodal imaging techniques for the critical assessment of patients with SWS, especially in rare cases with bilateral choroidal hemangioma of the choroid. Novel imaging modalities enable optimal management and follow-up of rare conditions, and our case adds further evidence to the existing literature.