The study and interpretation of the so-called Archeological Architecture is generally quite a difficult task: such elements or complexes nowadays show in fact very stratified and heavily restored configurations resulting from centuries of interventions. Survey represents one of the major instruments for deeply investigating the intimate nature of such artifacts thanks to its ability to enlighten both the studied object and its context, their mutual relationships and the sequence of transformations. Survey has to be intended though as an “open” process aiming at improving the general Level of Knowledge of the studied object; a process in which three main phases can be recognized: Data Acquisition, Data Selection and Interpretation, Communication. Phase one includes all information-gathering activities coming mainly from measurements and, under certain conditions, it leads to datasets “tending” to be objective. Conversely, during the Selection and Interpretation phase this database is “intelligently” reviewed for a critical selection and interpretation leading thus to “subjective” results. Finally, during the Communication phase results are codified in order to make them widely available for the scientific community. The whole process always starts from getting acquainted with the artifact by direct inspection and by an historical investigation of archive sources (documents, drawings, pictures, etc.) able in outlining the timing and evolution of changes. All this information would in fact crucially guide the following operations of data capturing (surveying). From this standpoint the House of the Knights of Rhodes in the Forum of Augustus is quite emblematic: no recent and systematic documentation is in fact available; present building is the result of many historical phases that have over time added or subtracted elements to the original roman building; the complex is actually a tangle of architectural and archaeological elements and for this reason it can be assumed as a “showcase”; finally the researches on the House, as relevant part of the Forum of Augustus, have received a new significant impulse by some recent excavations campaigns. The research on the House of the Knights of Rhodes we are presenting has been then focusing on all these issues, aiming at demonstrating both the inner “coherence” of the Survey process and the potentials of the Integrated Survey procedures where many surveying techniques (3D scan, photomodeling, ortophotography, topography, GPS, direct survey) are used at the same time in order to optimize time, resources, models and results. Models (2D, 3D) have been positively used to investigate this very fragmented portion of the Roman Forum (the building itself, the context of which it is part, the overall alignment of ancient structures, the consistency of buildings as well as the functions they used to host) not neglecting their role as means for communication of results and dissemination.
Nel corso della sua lunga storia evolutiva, l’essere umano ha continuamente cercato di sviluppare strategie di conoscenza che gli consentissero la comprensione della realtà fenomenica superando per quanto possibile le limitate possibilità offerte dai propri organi di senso. Secondo questo approccio, proposto tra gli altri dal grande filosofo Descartes, si possono allora definire due diversi tipi di conoscenza: la conoscenza normale che si raggiunge attraverso i soli nostri organi di senso e la conoscenza profonda alla quale si perviene invece con l’ausilio di metodi e tecniche di indagine in grado di dischiudere alla mente ciò che ai soli sensi è precluso. Le procedure connesse con questo secondo tipo di conoscenza (e che costituiscono la base del ben noto approccio scientifico) vengono comunemente applicate all’indagine dei fenomeni naturali; tuttavia esse costituiscono il riferimento primario anche nel caso il “fenomeno” sia costituito da un manufatto costruito dall’uomo e di cui non sempre riusciamo, con i soli sensi appunto, a comprendere il profondo significato culturale o artistico. L’Architettura fa parte a pieno titolo di questa seconda categoria. Anzi, dal momento che un organismo edilizio risulta un sistema spaziale, costruttivo e artistico spesso assai complesso nel quale risultano strettamente connesse le geometrie e le tecniche costruttive, l’apparato formale e decorativo e, infine, la natura di parti di fatto non visibili (come quelle interne alla costruzione), progettare, mettere in atto ed analizzare a fondo metodi di indagine, dati e risultati appare l’unico sistema affidabile per raggiungere la conoscenza profonda prefigurata da Descartes. Tra gli strumenti che gli architetti hanno messo a punto nel corso dei secoli a questo scopo, il Rilievo (ovvero la selezione, misurazione e rappresentazione di una serie di punti significativi dell’oggetto) appare una delle metodologie più appropriate. In altre parole rilevare permette di superare il livello di conoscenza, sia pur buono ma comunque superficiale, che la semplice osservazione di un’architettura consente, illuminando al contrario le sue più intime qualità geometrico-costruttive, formali e dimensionali. Caposaldo di questa metodologia conoscitiva è indubbiamente la misurazione che consente di tradurre la qualità di un fenomeno in quantità espressa attraverso numeri derivanti dal rapporto tra la quantità rilevata sull’oggetto e l’unità di misura prescelta (anche arbitrariamente). E’ dunque in questo contesto che va inserita l’intera attività condotta sulla Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi. In questo caso, tuttavia, non solo è stato investigato un “fenomeno” (l’architettura, appunto) ma più propriamente un “fenomeno complesso”, ovvero un groviglio indissolubile di stratificazioni architettoniche ed archeologiche che restituiscono ai sensi una realtà caotica e che anche per le “menti” dei vari ricercatori impegnati ha costituito (e costituisce ancora) una sfida non trascurabile.
Un nuovo approccio alla conoscenza delle architetture complesse. Il caso della Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi al Foro di Augusto / Bianchini, Carlo. - In: BULLETTINO DELLA COMMISSIONE ARCHEOLOGICA COMUNALE DI ROMA. - ISSN 0392-7636. - STAMPA. - CXVI, 2015(2016), pp. 177-181.
Un nuovo approccio alla conoscenza delle architetture complesse. Il caso della Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi al Foro di Augusto.
BIANCHINI, Carlo
2016
Abstract
The study and interpretation of the so-called Archeological Architecture is generally quite a difficult task: such elements or complexes nowadays show in fact very stratified and heavily restored configurations resulting from centuries of interventions. Survey represents one of the major instruments for deeply investigating the intimate nature of such artifacts thanks to its ability to enlighten both the studied object and its context, their mutual relationships and the sequence of transformations. Survey has to be intended though as an “open” process aiming at improving the general Level of Knowledge of the studied object; a process in which three main phases can be recognized: Data Acquisition, Data Selection and Interpretation, Communication. Phase one includes all information-gathering activities coming mainly from measurements and, under certain conditions, it leads to datasets “tending” to be objective. Conversely, during the Selection and Interpretation phase this database is “intelligently” reviewed for a critical selection and interpretation leading thus to “subjective” results. Finally, during the Communication phase results are codified in order to make them widely available for the scientific community. The whole process always starts from getting acquainted with the artifact by direct inspection and by an historical investigation of archive sources (documents, drawings, pictures, etc.) able in outlining the timing and evolution of changes. All this information would in fact crucially guide the following operations of data capturing (surveying). From this standpoint the House of the Knights of Rhodes in the Forum of Augustus is quite emblematic: no recent and systematic documentation is in fact available; present building is the result of many historical phases that have over time added or subtracted elements to the original roman building; the complex is actually a tangle of architectural and archaeological elements and for this reason it can be assumed as a “showcase”; finally the researches on the House, as relevant part of the Forum of Augustus, have received a new significant impulse by some recent excavations campaigns. The research on the House of the Knights of Rhodes we are presenting has been then focusing on all these issues, aiming at demonstrating both the inner “coherence” of the Survey process and the potentials of the Integrated Survey procedures where many surveying techniques (3D scan, photomodeling, ortophotography, topography, GPS, direct survey) are used at the same time in order to optimize time, resources, models and results. Models (2D, 3D) have been positively used to investigate this very fragmented portion of the Roman Forum (the building itself, the context of which it is part, the overall alignment of ancient structures, the consistency of buildings as well as the functions they used to host) not neglecting their role as means for communication of results and dissemination.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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