This study represents the first systematic review and meta-analysis conducted to assess the association between swimming in recreational water and the occurrence of respiratory illness. Most studies focus their attention on gastrointestinal illnesses occurring after exposure to microbial polluted water. Fourteen independent studies that included 50,117 patients with significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 95.3%) were reviewed. The meta-analysis reports that people exposed to recreational water (swimmers/bathers) present a higher risk of respiratory illness compared to non-swimmers/non-bathers [relative risk (RR) = 1.63 (confidence interval at 95% [95% CI]: 1.34-1.98)]. This percentage increases if adjusted RR by age and gender [RR = 2.24 (95% CI: 1.81-2.78)] are considered. A clear association between swimming in recreational water and the occurrence of respiratory illness was found. The surveillance of water quality monitoring systems is crucial not only for gastrointestinal illness, but also for respiratory ones.

Is swimming in recreational water associated with the occurrence of respiratory illness? A systematic reviewand meta-analysis / Mannocci, Alice; LA TORRE, Giuseppe; Spagnoli, Alessandro; Solimini, ANGELO GIUSEPPE; Palazzo, Caterina; DE GIUSTI, Maria. - In: JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH. - ISSN 1477-8920. - ELETTRONICO. - 14:4(2016), pp. 590-599. [10.2166/wh.2016.266]

Is swimming in recreational water associated with the occurrence of respiratory illness? A systematic reviewand meta-analysis

MANNOCCI, ALICE;LA TORRE, Giuseppe;SOLIMINI, ANGELO GIUSEPPE;PALAZZO, CATERINA;DE GIUSTI, Maria
2016

Abstract

This study represents the first systematic review and meta-analysis conducted to assess the association between swimming in recreational water and the occurrence of respiratory illness. Most studies focus their attention on gastrointestinal illnesses occurring after exposure to microbial polluted water. Fourteen independent studies that included 50,117 patients with significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 95.3%) were reviewed. The meta-analysis reports that people exposed to recreational water (swimmers/bathers) present a higher risk of respiratory illness compared to non-swimmers/non-bathers [relative risk (RR) = 1.63 (confidence interval at 95% [95% CI]: 1.34-1.98)]. This percentage increases if adjusted RR by age and gender [RR = 2.24 (95% CI: 1.81-2.78)] are considered. A clear association between swimming in recreational water and the occurrence of respiratory illness was found. The surveillance of water quality monitoring systems is crucial not only for gastrointestinal illness, but also for respiratory ones.
2016
meta-analysis; recreational water; respiratory illness; swimming; systematic review; water quality; bathing beaches; humans; recreation; respiratory tract infections; swimming; water microbiology; water science and technology; waste management and disposal; public health, environmental and occupational health; microbiology (medical); infectious diseases
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01a Articolo in rivista
Is swimming in recreational water associated with the occurrence of respiratory illness? A systematic reviewand meta-analysis / Mannocci, Alice; LA TORRE, Giuseppe; Spagnoli, Alessandro; Solimini, ANGELO GIUSEPPE; Palazzo, Caterina; DE GIUSTI, Maria. - In: JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH. - ISSN 1477-8920. - ELETTRONICO. - 14:4(2016), pp. 590-599. [10.2166/wh.2016.266]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/960117
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