Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Wang, Haidong; Naghavi, Mohsen; Allen, Christine; Barber, Ryan M; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C; Charlson, Fiona J; Chen, Alan Zian; Coates, Matthew M; Coggeshall, Megan; Dandona, Lalit; Dicker, Daniel J; Erskine, Holly E; Ferrari, Alize J; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Foreman, Kyle; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H; Fraser, Maya S; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W; Goldberg, Ellen M; Graetz, Nicholas; Haagsma, Juanita A; Hay, Simon I; Huynh, Chantal; Johnson, Catherine O; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kulikoff, Xie Rachel; Kutz, Michael; Kyu, Hmwe H; Larson, Heidi J; Leung, Janni; Liang, Xiaofeng; Lim, Stephen S; Lind, Margaret; Lozano, Rafael; Marquez, Neal; Mensah, George A; Mikesell, Joe; Mokdad, Ali H; Mooney, Meghan D; Nguyen, Grant; Nsoesie, Elaine; Pigott, David M; Pinho, Christine; Roth, Gregory A; Salomon, Joshua A; Sandar, Logan; Silpakit, Naris; Sligar, Amber; Sorensen, Reed J. D; Stanaway, Jeffrey; Steiner, Caitlyn; Teeple, Stephanie; Thomas, Bernadette A; Troeger, Christopher; Vanderzanden, Amelia; Vollset, Stein Emil; Wanga, Valentine; Whiteford, Harvey A; Wolock, Timothy; Zoeckler, Leo; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja M; Abd Allah, Foad; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abreu, Daisy M. X; Abu Raddad, Laith J; Abyu, Gebre Yitayih; Achoki, Tom; Adelekan, Ademola Lukman; Ademi, Zanfina; Adou, Arsène Kouablan; Adsuar, José C; Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko; Afshin, Ashkan; Agardh, Emilie Elisabet; Agarwal, Arnav; Agrawal, Anurag; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad; Ajala, Oluremi N; Akanda, Ali Shafqat; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akinyemiju, Tomi F; Akseer, Nadia; Lami, Faris Hasan Al; Alabed, Samer; Al Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore K. M; Alasfoor, Deena; Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed; Aldridge, Robert William; Alegretti, Miguel Angel; Aleman, Alicia V; Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw; Alexander, Lily T; Alhabib, Samia; Ali, Raghib; Alkerwi, Ala'A; Alla, François; Allebeck, Peter; Al Raddadi, Rajaa; Alsharif, Ubai; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Martin, Elena Alvarez; Alvis Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T; Amegah, Adeladza Kofi; Ameh, Emmanuel A; Amini, Heresh; Ammar, Walid; Amrock, Stephen Marc; Andersen, Hjalte H; Anderson, Benjamin O; Anderson, Gregory M; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Aregay, Atsede Fantahun; Ärnlöv, Johan; Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic; Artaman, Al; Asayesh, Hamid; Asghar, Rana Jawad; Atique, Suleman; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur; Awasthi, Ashish; Azzopardi, Peter; Bacha, Umar; Badawi, Alaa; Bahit, Maria C; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Banerjee, Amitava; Barac, Aleksandra; Barker Collo, Suzanne L; Bärnighausen, Till; Barregard, Lars; Barrero, Lope H; Basu, Arindam; Basu, Sanjay; Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw; Bazargan Hejazi, Shahrzad; Beardsley, Justin; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Belay, Haileeyesus Adamu; Bell, Brent; Bell, Michelle L; Bello, Aminu K; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Berhane, Adugnaw; Bernabé, Eduardo; Betsu, Balem Demtsu; Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhalla, Ashish; Biadgilign, Sibhatu; Bikbov, Boris; Abdulhak, Aref A. Bin; Biroscak, Brian J; Biryukov, Stan; Bjertness, Espen; Blore, Jed D; Blosser, Christopher D; Bohensky, Megan A; Borschmann, Rohan; Bose, Dipan; Bourne, Rupert R. A; Brainin, Michael; Brayne, Carol E. G; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K; Brenner, Hermann; Brewer, Jerry D; Brown, Alexandria; Brown, Jonathan; Brugha, Traolach S; Buckle, Geoffrey Colin; Butt, Zahid A; Calabria, Bianca; Campos Nonato, Ismael Ricardo; Campuzano, Julio Cesar; Carapetis, Jonathan R; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carpenter, David O; Carrero, Juan Jesus; Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos A; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Catalá López, Ferrán; Cavalleri, Fiorella; Cercy, Kelly; Cerda, Jorge; Chen, Wanqing; Chew, Adrienne; Chiang, Peggy Pei Chia; Chibalabala, Mirriam; Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne; Chimed Ochir, Odgerel; Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe; Choi, Jee Young Jasmine; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Hanne; Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas; Ciobanu, Liliana G; Cirillo, Massimo; Cohen, Aaron J; Colistro, Valentina; Colomar, Mercedes; Colquhoun, Samantha M; Cooper, Cyrus; Cooper, Leslie Trumbull; Cortinovis, Monica; Cowie, Benjamin C; Crump, John A; Damsere Derry, James; Danawi, Hadi; Dandona, Rakhi; Daoud, Farah; Darby, Sarah C; Dargan, Paul I; das Neves, José; Davey, Gail; Davis, Adrian C; Davitoiu, Dragos V; de Castro, E. Filipa; de Jager, Pieter; Leo, Diego De; Degenhardt, Louisa; Dellavalle, Robert P; Deribe, Kebede; Deribew, Amare; Dharmaratne, Samath D; Dhillon, Preet K; Diaz Torné, Cesar; Ding, Eric L; dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender; Dossou, Edem; Driscoll, Tim R; Duan, Leilei; Dubey, Manisha; Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; Ellenbogen, Richard G; Ellingsen, Christian Lycke; Elyazar, Iqbal; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich; Eshrati, Babak; Esteghamati, Alireza; Estep, Kara; Faghmous, Imad D. A; Fahimi, Saman; Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino; Farid, Talha A; Farinha, Carla Sofia e. Sa; Faro, André; Farvid, Maryam S; Farzadfar, Farshad; Feigin, Valery L; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad; Fernandes, Jefferson G; Fernandes, Joao C; Fischer, Florian; Fitchett, Joseph R. A; Flaxman, Abraham; Foigt, Nataliya; Fowkes, F. Gerry R; Franca, Elisabeth Barboza; Franklin, Richard C; Friedman, Joseph; Frostad, Joseph; Fürst, Thomas; Futran, Neal D; Gall, Seana L; Gambashidze, Ketevan; Gamkrelidze, Amiran; Ganguly, Parthasarathi; Gankpé, Fortuné Gbètoho; Gebre, Teshome; Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tsewelde; Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay; Gebru, Alemseged Aregay; Geleijnse, Johanna M; Gessner, Bradford D; Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal; Gibney, Katherine B; Gillum, Richard F; Gilmour, Stuart; Giref, Ababi Zergaw; Giroud, Maurice; Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo; Giussani, Giorgia; Glaser, Elizabeth; Godwin, William W; Gomez Dantes, Hector; Gona, Philimon; Goodridge, Amador; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Gosselin, Richard A; Gotay, Carolyn C; Goto, Atsushi; Gouda, Hebe N; Greaves, Felix; Gugnani, Harish Chander; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Vipin; Gutiérrez, Reyna A; Hafezi Nejad, Nima; Haile, Demewoz; Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Halasa, Yara A; Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi; Hamidi, Samer; Hancock, Jamie; Handal, Alexis J; Hankey, Graeme J; Hao, Yuantao; Harb, Hilda L; Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai; Haro, Josep Maria; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Heckbert, Susan R; Heredia Pi, Ileana Beatriz; Heydarpour, Pouria; Hilderink, Henk B. M; Hoek, Hans W; Hogg, Robert S; Horino, Masako; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hotez, Peter J; Hoy, Damian G; Hsairi, Mohamed; Htet, Aung Soe; Htike, Maung Maung Than; Guoqing, Hu; Huang, Cheng; Huang, Hsiang; Huiart, Laetitia; Husseini, Abdullatif; Huybrechts, Inge; Huynh, Grace; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Innos, Kaire; Inoue, Manami; Iyer, Veena J; Jacobs, Troy A; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B; James, Peter; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jayaraman, Sudha P; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jensen, Paul N; Jha, Vivekanand; Jiang, Guohong; Jiang, Ying; Jibat, Tariku; Jimenez Corona, Aida; Jonas, Jost B; Joshi, Tushar Kant; Kabir, Zubair; Kamal, Ritul; Kan, Haidong; Kant, Surya; Karch, André; Karema, Corine Kakizi; Karimkhani, Chante; Karletsos, Dimitris; Karthikeyan, Ganesan; Kasaeian, Amir; Katibeh, Marzieh; Kaul, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Kayibanda, Jeanne Françoise; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemmer, Laura; Kemp, Andrew Haddon; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Keren, Andre; Kereselidze, Maia; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalil, Ibrahim A; Khan, Abdur Rahman; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khang, Young Ho; Khera, Sahil; Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer; Kieling, Christian; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Yun Jin; Kissela, Brett M; Kissoon, Niranjan; Knibbs, Luke D; Knudsen, Ann Kristin; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kolte, Dhaval; Kopec, Jacek A; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A; Koyanagi, Ai; Krog, Norun Hjertager; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kudom, Andreas A; Kuipers, Ernst J; Kulkarni, Veena S; Kumar, G. Anil; Kwan, Gene F; Lal, Aparna; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lam, Hilton; Lam, Jennifer O; Langan, Sinead M; Lansingh, Van C; Larsson, Anders; Laryea, Dennis Odai; Latif, Asma Abdul; Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena Beatriz; Leigh, James; Levi, Miriam; Yongmei, Li; Lindsay, M. Patrice; Lipshultz, Steven E; Liu, Patrick Y; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Yang; Loon Tzian, Lo; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lucas, Robyn M; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lyons, Ronan A; Stefan, Ma; Machado, Vasco Manuel Pedro; Mackay, Mark T; Maclachlan, Jennifer H; Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El; Magdy, Mohammed; Razek, Abd El; Majdan, Marek; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Manamo, Wondimu Ayele Ayele; Mandisarisa, John; Mangalam, Srikanth; Mapoma, Chabila C; Marcenes, Wagner; Margolis, David Joel; Martin, Gerard Robert; Martinez Raga, Jose; Marzan, Melvin Barrientos; Masiye, Felix; Mason Jones, Amanda J; Massano, João; Matzopoulos, Richard; Mayosi, Bongani M; Mcgarvey, Stephen Theodore; Mcgrath, John J; Mckee, Martin; Mcmahon, Brian J; Meaney, Peter A; Mehari, Alem; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mejia Rodriguez, Fabiola; Mekonnen, Alemayehu B; Melaku, Yohannes Adama; Memiah, Peter; Memish, Ziad A; Mendoza, Walter; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary; Micha, Renata; Miller, Ted R; Mirarefin, Mojde; Misganaw, Awoke; Mock, Charles N; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammadi, Alireza; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohan, Viswanathan; Mola, Glen Liddell D; Monasta, Lorenzo; Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez; Montero, Pablo; Montico, Marcella; Montine, Thomas J; Moradi Lakeh, Maziar; Morawska, Lidia; Morgan, Katherine; Mori, Rintaro; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Mueller, Ulrich O; Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana; Murthy, Srinivas; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Nachega, Jean B; Nagel, Gabriele; Naidoo, Kovin S; Naik, Nitish; Naldi, Luigi; Nangia, Vinay; Nash, Denis; Nejjari, Chakib; Neupane, Subas; Newton, Charles R; Newton, John N; Marie, Ng; Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak; de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean; Nguyen, Quyen Le; Nisar, Muhammad Imran; Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie; Nomura, Marika; Norheim, Ole F; Norman, Paul E; Norrving, Bo; Nyakarahuka, Luke; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Ohkubo, Takayoshi; Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola; Olivares, Pedro R; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Opio, John Nelson; Oren, Eyal; Ortiz, Alberto; Osman, Majdi; Ota, Erika; Ozdemir, Raziye; Mahesh, Pa; Pandian, Jeyaraj D; Pant, Puspa Raj; Papachristou, Christina; Park, Eun Kee; Park, Jae Hyun; Parry, Charles D; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina; Patten, Scott B; Patton, George C; Paul, Vinod K; Pearce, Neil; Pedro, João Mário; Stokic, Ljiljana Pejin; Pereira, David M; Perico, Norberto; Pesudovs, Konrad; Petzold, Max; Phillips, Michael Robert; Piel, Frédéric B; Pillay, Julian David; Plass, Dietrich; Platts Mills, James A; Polinder, Suzanne; Pope, C. Arden; Popova, Svetlana; Poulton, Richie G; Pourmalek, Farshad; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quame Amaglo, Justice; Quistberg, D. Alex; Rafay, Anwar; Rahimi, Kazem; Rahimi Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Sajjad Ur; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajavi, Zhale; Rajsic, Sasa; Raju, Murugesan; Rakovac, Ivo; Rana, Saleem M; Ranabhat, Chhabi L; Rangaswamy, Thara; Rao, Puja; Rao, Sowmya R; Refaat, Amany H; Rehm, Jürgen; Reitsma, Marissa B; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Resnikoff, Serge; Ribeiro, Antonio L; Ricci, Stefano; Blancas, Maria Jesus Rios; Roberts, Bayard; Roca, Anna; Rojas Rueda, David; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Roy, Ambuj; Roy, Nawal K; Ruhago, George Mugambage; Sagar, Rajesh; Saha, Sukanta; Sahathevan, Ramesh; Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad; Sanabria, Juan R; Sanchez Niño, Maria Dolores; Sanchez Riera, Lidia; Santos, Itamar S; Sarmiento Suarez, Rodrigo; Sartorius, Benn; Satpathy, Maheswar; Savic, Miloje; Sawhney, Monika; Schaub, Michael P; Schmidt, Maria Inês; Schneider, Ione J. C; Schöttker, Ben; Schutte, Aletta E; Schwebel, David C; Seedat, Soraya; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Servan Mori, Edson E; Shackelford, Katya A; Shaddick, Gavin; Shaheen, Amira; Shahraz, Saeid; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shakh Nazarova, Marina; Sharma, Rajesh; She, Jun; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Shen, Jiabin; Shen, Ziyan; Shepard, Donald S; Sheth, Kevin N; Shetty, Balakrishna P; Shi, Peilin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shin, Min Jeong; Shiri, Rahman; Shiue, Ivy; Shrime, Mark G; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Silberberg, Donald H; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves; Silverberg, Jonathan I; Simard, Edgar P; Singh, Abhishek; Singh, Gitanjali M; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Om Prakash; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Singh, Virendra; Soneji, Samir; Søreide, Kjetil; Soriano, Joan B; Sposato, Luciano A; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Stathopoulou, Vasiliki; Stein, Dan J; Stein, Murray B; Stranges, Saverio; Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos; Sunguya, Bruno F; Sur, Patrick; Swaminathan, Soumya; Sykes, Bryan L; Szoeke, Cassandra E. I; Tabarés Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabb, Karen M; Takahashi, Ken; Takala, Jukka S; Talongwa, Roberto Tchio; Tandon, Nikhil; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Taye, Bineyam; Taylor, Hugh R; Braden J. Te, Ao; Tedla, Bemnet Amare; Tefera, Worku Mekonnen; Have, Margreet Ten; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Tesfay, Fisaha Haile; Tessema, Gizachew Assefa; Thomson, Alan J; Thorne Lyman, Andrew L; Thrift, Amanda G; Thurston, George D; Tillmann, Taavi; Tirschwell, David L; Tonelli, Marcello; Topor Madry, Roman; Topouzis, Fotis; Towbin, Jeffrey Allen; Traebert, Jefferson; Tran, Bach Xuan; Truelsen, Thomas; Trujillo, Ulises; Tura, Abera Kenay; Tuzcu, Emin Murat; Uchendu, Uche S; Ukwaja, Kingsley N; Undurraga, Eduardo A; Uthman, Olalekan A; Dingenen, Rita Van; van Donkelaar, Aaron; Vasankari, Tommi; Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Vidavalur, Ramesh; Vijayakumar, Lakshmi; Villalpando, Salvador; Violante, Francesco S; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Wagner, Joseph A; Wagner, Gregory R; Wallin, Mitchell T; Wang, Linhong; Watkins, David A; Weichenthal, Scott; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Weintraub, Robert G; Werdecker, Andrea; Westerman, Ronny; White, Richard A; Wijeratne, Tissa; Wilkinson, James D; Williams, Hywel C; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret; Wolfe, Charles D. A; Won, Sungho; Wong, John Q; Woolf, Anthony D; Xavier, Denis; Xiao, Qingyang; Gelin, Xu; Yakob, Bereket; Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene; Yan, Lijing L; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaseri, Mehdi; Pengpeng, Ye; Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin; Yip, Paul; Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yonga, Gerald; Younis, Mustafa Z; Shicheng, Yu; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Zannad, Faiez; Zavala, Diego E; Zeeb, Hajo; Zeleke, Berihun M; Zhang, Hao; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zonies, David; Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna; Vos, Theo; Lopez, Alan D; Murray, Christopher J. L.

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1

Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures.

Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 / Wang, Haidong; Naghavi, Mohsen; Allen, Christine; Barber, Ryan M; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C; Charlson, Fiona J; Chen, Alan Zian; Coates, Matthew M; Coggeshall, Megan; Dandona, Lalit; Dicker, Daniel J; Erskine, Holly E; Ferrari, Alize J; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Foreman, Kyle; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H; Fraser, Maya S; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W; Goldberg, Ellen M; Graetz, Nicholas; Haagsma, Juanita A; Hay, Simon I; Huynh, Chantal; Johnson, Catherine O; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kulikoff, Xie Rachel; Kutz, Michael; Kyu, Hmwe H; Larson, Heidi J; Leung, Janni; Liang, Xiaofeng; Lim, Stephen S; Lind, Margaret; Lozano, Rafael; Marquez, Neal; Mensah, George A; Mikesell, Joe; Mokdad, Ali H; Mooney, Meghan D; Nguyen, Grant; Nsoesie, Elaine; Pigott, David M; Pinho, Christine; Roth, Gregory A; Salomon, Joshua A; Sandar, Logan; Silpakit, Naris; Sligar, Amber; Sorensen, Reed J. D; Stanaway, Jeffrey; Steiner, Caitlyn; Teeple, Stephanie; Thomas, Bernadette A; Troeger, Christopher; Vanderzanden, Amelia; Vollset, Stein Emil; Wanga, Valentine; Whiteford, Harvey A; Wolock, Timothy; Zoeckler, Leo; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja M; Abd Allah, Foad; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abreu, Daisy M. X; Abu Raddad, Laith J; Abyu, Gebre Yitayih; Achoki, Tom; Adelekan, Ademola Lukman; Ademi, Zanfina; Adou, Arsène Kouablan; Adsuar, José C; Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko; Afshin, Ashkan; Agardh, Emilie Elisabet; Agarwal, Arnav; Agrawal, Anurag; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad; Ajala, Oluremi N; Akanda, Ali Shafqat; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akinyemiju, Tomi F; Akseer, Nadia; Lami, Faris Hasan Al; Alabed, Samer; Al Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore K. M; Alasfoor, Deena; Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed; Aldridge, Robert William; Alegretti, Miguel Angel; Aleman, Alicia V; Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw; Alexander, Lily T; Alhabib, Samia; Ali, Raghib; Alkerwi, Ala'A; Alla, François; Allebeck, Peter; Al Raddadi, Rajaa; Alsharif, Ubai; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Martin, Elena Alvarez; Alvis Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T; Amegah, Adeladza Kofi; Ameh, Emmanuel A; Amini, Heresh; Ammar, Walid; Amrock, Stephen Marc; Andersen, Hjalte H; Anderson, Benjamin O; Anderson, Gregory M; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Aregay, Atsede Fantahun; Ärnlöv, Johan; Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic; Artaman, Al; Asayesh, Hamid; Asghar, Rana Jawad; Atique, Suleman; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur; Awasthi, Ashish; Azzopardi, Peter; Bacha, Umar; Badawi, Alaa; Bahit, Maria C; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Banerjee, Amitava; Barac, Aleksandra; Barker Collo, Suzanne L; Bärnighausen, Till; Barregard, Lars; Barrero, Lope H; Basu, Arindam; Basu, Sanjay; Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw; Bazargan Hejazi, Shahrzad; Beardsley, Justin; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Belay, Haileeyesus Adamu; Bell, Brent; Bell, Michelle L; Bello, Aminu K; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Berhane, Adugnaw; Bernabé, Eduardo; Betsu, Balem Demtsu; Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhalla, Ashish; Biadgilign, Sibhatu; Bikbov, Boris; Abdulhak, Aref A. Bin; Biroscak, Brian J; Biryukov, Stan; Bjertness, Espen; Blore, Jed D; Blosser, Christopher D; Bohensky, Megan A; Borschmann, Rohan; Bose, Dipan; Bourne, Rupert R. A; Brainin, Michael; Brayne, Carol E. G; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K; Brenner, Hermann; Brewer, Jerry D; Brown, Alexandria; Brown, Jonathan; Brugha, Traolach S; Buckle, Geoffrey Colin; Butt, Zahid A; Calabria, Bianca; Campos Nonato, Ismael Ricardo; Campuzano, Julio Cesar; Carapetis, Jonathan R; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carpenter, David O; Carrero, Juan Jesus; Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos A; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Catalá López, Ferrán; Cavalleri, Fiorella; Cercy, Kelly; Cerda, Jorge; Chen, Wanqing; Chew, Adrienne; Chiang, Peggy Pei Chia; Chibalabala, Mirriam; Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne; Chimed Ochir, Odgerel; Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe; Choi, Jee Young Jasmine; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Hanne; Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas; Ciobanu, Liliana G; Cirillo, Massimo; Cohen, Aaron J; Colistro, Valentina; Colomar, Mercedes; Colquhoun, Samantha M; Cooper, Cyrus; Cooper, Leslie Trumbull; Cortinovis, Monica; Cowie, Benjamin C; Crump, John A; Damsere Derry, James; Danawi, Hadi; Dandona, Rakhi; Daoud, Farah; Darby, Sarah C; Dargan, Paul I; das Neves, José; Davey, Gail; Davis, Adrian C; Davitoiu, Dragos V; de Castro, E. Filipa; de Jager, Pieter; Leo, Diego De; Degenhardt, Louisa; Dellavalle, Robert P; Deribe, Kebede; Deribew, Amare; Dharmaratne, Samath D; Dhillon, Preet K; Diaz Torné, Cesar; Ding, Eric L; dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender; Dossou, Edem; Driscoll, Tim R; Duan, Leilei; Dubey, Manisha; Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; Ellenbogen, Richard G; Ellingsen, Christian Lycke; Elyazar, Iqbal; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich; Eshrati, Babak; Esteghamati, Alireza; Estep, Kara; Faghmous, Imad D. A; Fahimi, Saman; Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino; Farid, Talha A; Farinha, Carla Sofia e. Sa; Faro, André; Farvid, Maryam S; Farzadfar, Farshad; Feigin, Valery L; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad; Fernandes, Jefferson G; Fernandes, Joao C; Fischer, Florian; Fitchett, Joseph R. A; Flaxman, Abraham; Foigt, Nataliya; Fowkes, F. 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