Until 1995 it was thought that the Pantheon of Augustus had the entrance on the south side in contrast to that of the next scheduled time of Hadrian, that has placed it in the north. The archaeological excavation of the Sovrintendenza Capitolina di Roma, directed by P.Virgili, in the years 1995-97, have shown that the Pantheon of Augustus was exactly like what Hadrian has rebuilt later and that we see today. Even the surveys conducted in the years 2007-2009 on the Mausoleum of Augustus, inside and on the forecourt, allowed to advance new hypotheses about the ground plan of the monument and its rearrangement made by a successor of Augustus. In 1990 N.Lanciano published a reading of the Pantheon as a solar calendar that use the light entering from the oculus and scans the interior space, at solar noon, in the days of the Equinoxes and Solstices, in addition to the April 21 birthday of Rome. All these searches shows the two buildings, Pantheon and Augustus’s Mausoleum, more formal and symbolic links than was supposed. With attention to contemporary written sources, issues arise: - Orientation of the axes of the buildings, - Of their distance middle-deambulatio, takes about 15 minutes on foot, in relation to the direction of sunlight on their respective axes and portals, - Organization of the squares on which thay open, - Geometry of the inner dome and hall of the Pantheon. In urban complex of Augustus is inserted also the monumental sundial mentioned by Pliny and partially excavated by Buchner in 1979, with the location and function of the Ara Pacis: recent research lead to exclude some hypotheses still present in articles and in the web. We present the modern reuse (1990) of the obelisk that served as a gnomon in the above horizontal sundial.

The urban set of the Pantheon and the Mausoleum of Augustus in Rome, between architectural and astronomical symbolism; / Lanciano, Nicoletta; Virgili, Paola. - STAMPA. - vol 16 n 4:(2016), pp. 249-255. (Intervento presentato al convegno 93 SEAC 2015 Astronomy in past and present cultures tenutosi a Roma nel 2015) [10.5281/zenodo.220943].

The urban set of the Pantheon and the Mausoleum of Augustus in Rome, between architectural and astronomical symbolism;

LANCIANO, Nicoletta;
2016

Abstract

Until 1995 it was thought that the Pantheon of Augustus had the entrance on the south side in contrast to that of the next scheduled time of Hadrian, that has placed it in the north. The archaeological excavation of the Sovrintendenza Capitolina di Roma, directed by P.Virgili, in the years 1995-97, have shown that the Pantheon of Augustus was exactly like what Hadrian has rebuilt later and that we see today. Even the surveys conducted in the years 2007-2009 on the Mausoleum of Augustus, inside and on the forecourt, allowed to advance new hypotheses about the ground plan of the monument and its rearrangement made by a successor of Augustus. In 1990 N.Lanciano published a reading of the Pantheon as a solar calendar that use the light entering from the oculus and scans the interior space, at solar noon, in the days of the Equinoxes and Solstices, in addition to the April 21 birthday of Rome. All these searches shows the two buildings, Pantheon and Augustus’s Mausoleum, more formal and symbolic links than was supposed. With attention to contemporary written sources, issues arise: - Orientation of the axes of the buildings, - Of their distance middle-deambulatio, takes about 15 minutes on foot, in relation to the direction of sunlight on their respective axes and portals, - Organization of the squares on which thay open, - Geometry of the inner dome and hall of the Pantheon. In urban complex of Augustus is inserted also the monumental sundial mentioned by Pliny and partially excavated by Buchner in 1979, with the location and function of the Ara Pacis: recent research lead to exclude some hypotheses still present in articles and in the web. We present the modern reuse (1990) of the obelisk that served as a gnomon in the above horizontal sundial.
2016
93 SEAC 2015 Astronomy in past and present cultures
astronomy; pantheon in Rome; Augustus; orientation;
04 Pubblicazione in atti di convegno::04b Atto di convegno in volume
The urban set of the Pantheon and the Mausoleum of Augustus in Rome, between architectural and astronomical symbolism; / Lanciano, Nicoletta; Virgili, Paola. - STAMPA. - vol 16 n 4:(2016), pp. 249-255. (Intervento presentato al convegno 93 SEAC 2015 Astronomy in past and present cultures tenutosi a Roma nel 2015) [10.5281/zenodo.220943].
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