Chronic pancreatitis is a complex disease both for the epidemiology, with uncertain data on the exact prevalence, but also for the etiology, often not identified and for whom, compared to the past, post acute pancreatitis forms are showing a high impact; also smoking is an etiological factor often underestimated compared to alcohol. Chronic pancreatitis is associated with high mortality and morbidity, mostly due to extrapancreatic diseases. The eventual occurrence of exocrine or endocrine pancreatic insufficiency can lead to complications, often serious and not prevented in time. It is, in fact, well known how this can cause micro or macronutrient and vitamin deficit which, if not screened and corrected, can cause complications such as osteoporosis. Abdominal pain is the most relevant symptom, with a complex pathogenesis, due not only to obstructive or mechanical factors or inflammation, but also to a chronic alteration of the adaptation process of pain in the central nervous system. Also for this reason, therapies are often not effective. Derivative surgery is indicated in obstructive forms, with results superior to those of endoscopy, while resective surgery is indicated when an inflammatory mass is present. A new opportunity is total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation, which offers excellent results in terms of pain relief and possibility to avoid diabetes in a high percentage of patients. This review will discuss these hot topics comprehending both most recent evidence and a view on how our knowledge on this disease will change in the upcoming years.
La pancreatite cronica è una patologia dal complesso inquadramento sia dal punto di vista epidemiologico, con dati incerti sull’esatta prevalenza, sia dell’eziologia, a volte non individuabile e per la quale si sta delineando sempre più la rilevanza delle forme post-pancreatite acuta, con il fumo come fattore di rischio spesso sottovalutato rispetto all’alcol. La pancreatite cronica si associa ad aumento della mortalità e morbilità, legate soprattutto a patologie extrapancreatiche. L’eventuale presenza di insufficienza esocrina o endocrina pancreatica può essere, inoltre, alla base di complicanze anche gravi e spesso non prevenute per tempo. I deficit vitaminici e di micro- e macronutrienti vanno attentamente ricercati e corretti; questo sarà inoltre fondamentale per evitare complicanze quali l’osteoporosi. Il dolore è il sintomo più rilevante, ha una patogenesi complessa, legata non solo a fattori ostruttivi e meccanici o alla flogosi, ma anche un’alterazione cronica del processo di adattamento al dolore a livello del sistema nervoso centrale. Anche per questo la terapia del dolore è spesso inefficace. La chirurgia derivativa è indicata nelle forme con ostruzione duttale con risultati che sembrano superiori a quelli dell’endoscopia, e quella resettiva in quelle associate a massa infiammatoria. Una nuova frontiera è rappresentata poi dalla pancreasectomia totale con trapianto di insule, che offre ottimi risultati in termini di controllo del dolore con possibilità di evitare il diabete in una buona percentuale di pazienti. Questa rassegna discute tali “hot topics” racchiudendo sia le evidenze più recenti sull’argomento sia una riflessione su come evolveranno le nostre conoscenze su tale patologia.
Epidemiology, clinical features and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. current knowledge and future perspectives [Epidemiologia, clinica e terapia medica della pancreatite cronica: evidenze attuali e sviluppi per il futuro] / Capurso, G; Archibugi, Livia; Stigliano, Serena; DELLE FAVE, Gianfranco. - In: RECENTI PROGRESSI IN MEDICINA. - ISSN 2038-1840. - STAMPA. - 107:6(2016), pp. 328-336. [10.1701/2296.24696]
Epidemiology, clinical features and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. current knowledge and future perspectives [Epidemiologia, clinica e terapia medica della pancreatite cronica: evidenze attuali e sviluppi per il futuro]
ARCHIBUGI, LIVIA;STIGLIANO, SERENA;DELLE FAVE, Gianfranco
2016
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is a complex disease both for the epidemiology, with uncertain data on the exact prevalence, but also for the etiology, often not identified and for whom, compared to the past, post acute pancreatitis forms are showing a high impact; also smoking is an etiological factor often underestimated compared to alcohol. Chronic pancreatitis is associated with high mortality and morbidity, mostly due to extrapancreatic diseases. The eventual occurrence of exocrine or endocrine pancreatic insufficiency can lead to complications, often serious and not prevented in time. It is, in fact, well known how this can cause micro or macronutrient and vitamin deficit which, if not screened and corrected, can cause complications such as osteoporosis. Abdominal pain is the most relevant symptom, with a complex pathogenesis, due not only to obstructive or mechanical factors or inflammation, but also to a chronic alteration of the adaptation process of pain in the central nervous system. Also for this reason, therapies are often not effective. Derivative surgery is indicated in obstructive forms, with results superior to those of endoscopy, while resective surgery is indicated when an inflammatory mass is present. A new opportunity is total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation, which offers excellent results in terms of pain relief and possibility to avoid diabetes in a high percentage of patients. This review will discuss these hot topics comprehending both most recent evidence and a view on how our knowledge on this disease will change in the upcoming years.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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