Dynamic soil-structure interaction of the Leaning Tower of Pisa

Most recent studies about the dynamic behavior of the leaning Tower of Pisa which consider soil-foundation-structure interaction date back to twenty years ago. From 1999 to 2001, the foundation of the monument was consolidated by means of under-excavation and the "Catino" at the basement was rigidly connected to the foundation. Meanwhile, significant progresses have been made in the field of ear-thquake engineering. Therefore, the need exists to assess the dynamic behavior of the Tower in light of the novelties occurred in the past de-cades. In the present study, the mechanical characteristics of the foun-dation have been calibrated comparing the outcomes of the experi-mental dynamic monitoring with the results of the finite element anal-ysis performed on a simple but effective model. Scenario earthquakes for return periods equal to 130 and 500 years and some preliminary results of the Array 2D test performed on the Square of Miracles are also presented.