Olimpia Maidalchini Pamphilj (1591-1657) is often remembered by the historiography on Rome in 17th century with the title of "Pope Joan" for her strong influence on her brother in law, the Pope Innocent X Pamphilj (1644-1655). As it is well known, the noblewoman intervened with authority in every governmental activity, influencing not only the political and social choices but also the financial and economical ones with huge repercussions on artistic and architectural patronage. Little known to scholars is instead her influence on religious matters. According to Gregorio Leti (1630-1701), a famous polygraph and author of defamatory and satirical writings, Olympia together with the faithful prelate and distinguished jurist Prospero Fagnani would be the hidden director of one of the most important initiatives of the pontificate, the religious reformation of the regular clergy. Culminated in the decision to eliminate small convents, it turned into a real financial manoeuvre in favour of the secular clergy. The papal devices of this reform were: the brief of December 17 1649 Inter caetera, with which Innocent X imposed to all friars a comprehensive survey of their property, movable and immovable, and the bull Instaurandae regularis disciplinae that in 1653 made effective the suppression of all monasteries with fewer than six members and the forfeiture of their properties. Some unpublished documents, disclosed and discussed in this paper, show the effects of the papal measure upon the policy of reorganizing the roman network of convents and monasteries and on the urban and architectural planning of the City. The measure in fact, not only caused panic in the small communities of friars driven out of their homes, but also triggered strong feelings of rivalry and awe with respect to the secular clergy and the inevitable drift of corruption and clientelism. This statement “quando una fabbrica è cadente, è stata barbicata più fiate, affinché non cada bisogna abbatterla da fuori da molti” (“when a building is sagging and has been reinforced several times, to prevent from falling you have to bring it down from the outside by many people”) was attributed to the Pope. Olimpia, accused by Leti of enriching herself with extorted bribes form the religious communities that tryed to escape the measure, became a “feminine” symbol of the power of oppression of the rulers but also of the reaction to the social subordination that was imposed to her when she was still a young girl.
Donna Olimpia Maidalchini Pamphilj (1591-1657) è passata alla storiografia del Seicento romano con l’appellativo di “papessa” per la forte influenza che ebbe sul cognato, il pontefice Innocenzo X Pamphilj (1644-1655). Come è noto, la nobildonna intervenne con autorità in ogni settore dell’attività di governo, influenzando sia le scelte politico-sociali che quelle finanziario-economiche con forti ripercussioni anche sulla committenza artistico-architettonica. Ancora poco nota agli studiosi è la sua influenza sulle questioni religiose. Secondo Gregorio Leti (1630-1701), noto poligrafo autore di scritti diffamatori e satirici, Olimpia, insieme al fedele prelato Prospero Fagnani, illustre giureconsulto, sarebbe stata la regista occulta di una delle iniziative più importanti di questo pontificato: la riforma religiosa del clero regolare che, sfociata in un provvedimento di soppressione dei piccoli conventi, si trasformò in una vera e propria manovra finanziaria a favore del clero secolare e delle casse pontificie. I dispositivi pontifici di questa riforma furono: il breve del 17 dicembre 1649 Inter caetera, con il quale Innocenzo X impose a tutti i frati un censimento completo dei loro beni, mobili e immobili e la promulgazione della bolla "Instaurandae regularis disciplinae" che nel 1653 rese effettiva la soppressione dei conventi con un numero inferiore a sei membri disponendo l’incameramento dei loro beni. Alcuni documenti inediti, qui proposti, mostrano gli effetti del provvedimento papale sulla politica di riorganizzazione della rete dei conventi e monasteri romani e sulla programmazione urbana e architettonica dell’Urbe. Il provvedimento infatti, oltre a gettare nel panico le piccole comunità di frati cacciati dalle loro sedi, innescò forti sentimenti di rivalità e soggezione nei confronti del clero secolare con l’inevitabile deriva di corruzione e clientela. Si attribuì al papa di aver detto: “quando una fabbrica è cadente, è stata barbicata più fiate, affinché non cada bisogna abbatterla da fuori da molti”. La Riforma sarebbe stata anche alla base degli ambiziosi progetti architettonici familiari di Olimpia Maidalchini Pamphilj. Si presentano disegni inediti riguardanti la sistemazione di piazza Navona e della chiesa di S. Agnese in Agone.
Donna Olimpia Pamphilj, the Innocentian reform of the regular clergy and the architectural renewal of Piazza Navona / Tabarrini, Marisa. - STAMPA. - X. Hamburger Forschungen zur Kunstgeschichte:(2016), pp. 187-203. (Intervento presentato al convegno Frauen und Päpste. Zur Konstruktion von Weiblichkeit in Kunst und Urbanistik des römischen Seicento tenutosi a Hamburg, Warburg-Haus nel 20 -21 febbraio 2014).
Donna Olimpia Pamphilj, the Innocentian reform of the regular clergy and the architectural renewal of Piazza Navona
TABARRINI, Marisa
2016
Abstract
Olimpia Maidalchini Pamphilj (1591-1657) is often remembered by the historiography on Rome in 17th century with the title of "Pope Joan" for her strong influence on her brother in law, the Pope Innocent X Pamphilj (1644-1655). As it is well known, the noblewoman intervened with authority in every governmental activity, influencing not only the political and social choices but also the financial and economical ones with huge repercussions on artistic and architectural patronage. Little known to scholars is instead her influence on religious matters. According to Gregorio Leti (1630-1701), a famous polygraph and author of defamatory and satirical writings, Olympia together with the faithful prelate and distinguished jurist Prospero Fagnani would be the hidden director of one of the most important initiatives of the pontificate, the religious reformation of the regular clergy. Culminated in the decision to eliminate small convents, it turned into a real financial manoeuvre in favour of the secular clergy. The papal devices of this reform were: the brief of December 17 1649 Inter caetera, with which Innocent X imposed to all friars a comprehensive survey of their property, movable and immovable, and the bull Instaurandae regularis disciplinae that in 1653 made effective the suppression of all monasteries with fewer than six members and the forfeiture of their properties. Some unpublished documents, disclosed and discussed in this paper, show the effects of the papal measure upon the policy of reorganizing the roman network of convents and monasteries and on the urban and architectural planning of the City. The measure in fact, not only caused panic in the small communities of friars driven out of their homes, but also triggered strong feelings of rivalry and awe with respect to the secular clergy and the inevitable drift of corruption and clientelism. This statement “quando una fabbrica è cadente, è stata barbicata più fiate, affinché non cada bisogna abbatterla da fuori da molti” (“when a building is sagging and has been reinforced several times, to prevent from falling you have to bring it down from the outside by many people”) was attributed to the Pope. Olimpia, accused by Leti of enriching herself with extorted bribes form the religious communities that tryed to escape the measure, became a “feminine” symbol of the power of oppression of the rulers but also of the reaction to the social subordination that was imposed to her when she was still a young girl.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tabarrini_Donna-Olimpia-Pamphil_2016.pdf
solo gestori archivio
Note: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110450620
Tipologia:
Versione editoriale (versione pubblicata con il layout dell'editore)
Licenza:
Tutti i diritti riservati (All rights reserved)
Dimensione
1.64 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.64 MB | Adobe PDF | Contatta l'autore |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.