Background: A lack of agreement on definitions and terminology used for nutrition-related concepts and procedures limits the development of clinical nutrition practice and research. Objective: This initiative aimed to reach a consensus for terminology for core nutritional concepts and procedures. Methods: The European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) appointed a consensus group of clinical scientists to perform a modified Delphi process that encompassed e-mail communication, face-to-face meetings, in-group ballots and an electronic ESPEN membership Delphi round. Results: Five key areas related to clinical nutrition were identified: concepts; procedures; organisation; delivery; and products. One core concept of clinical nutrition is malnutrition/undernutrition, which includes disease-related malnutrition (DRM) with (eq. cachexia) and without inflammation, and malnutrition/undernutrition without disease, e.g. hunger-related malnutrition. Over-nutrition (overweight and obesity) is another core concept. Sarcopenia and frailty were agreed to be separate conditions often associated with malnutrition. Examples of nutritional procedures identified include screening for subjects at nutritional risk followed by a complete nutritional assessment. Hospital and care facility catering are the basic organizational forms for providing nutrition. Oral nutritional supplementation is the preferred way of nutrition therapy but if inadequate then other forms of medical nutrition therapy, i.e. enteral tube feeding and parenteral (intravenous) nutrition, becomes the major way of nutrient delivery. Conclusion: An agreement of basic nutritional terminology to be used in clinical practice, research, and the ESPEN guideline developments has been established. This terminology consensus may help to support future global consensus efforts and updates of classification systems such as the International Classification of Disease (ICD). The continuous growth of knowledge in all areas addressed in this statement will provide the foundation for future revisions.

ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition / Cederholm, T; Barazzoni, R.; Austin, P.; Ballmer, P.; Biolo, G.; Bischoff, S. C.; Compher, C.; Correia, I.; Higashiguchi, T.; Holst, M.; Jensen, G. L.; Malone, A.; Muscaritoli, Maurizio; Nyulasi, I.; Pirlich, M.; Rothenberg, E.; Schindler, K.; Schneider, S. M.; de van der Schueren, M. A. E.; Sieber, C.; Valentini, L.; Yu, J. C.; Van Gossum, A.; Singer, P.. - In: CLINICAL NUTRITION. - ISSN 0261-5614. - 1:36(2017), pp. 49-64. [10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.004]

ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition

MUSCARITOLI, Maurizio;
2017

Abstract

Background: A lack of agreement on definitions and terminology used for nutrition-related concepts and procedures limits the development of clinical nutrition practice and research. Objective: This initiative aimed to reach a consensus for terminology for core nutritional concepts and procedures. Methods: The European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) appointed a consensus group of clinical scientists to perform a modified Delphi process that encompassed e-mail communication, face-to-face meetings, in-group ballots and an electronic ESPEN membership Delphi round. Results: Five key areas related to clinical nutrition were identified: concepts; procedures; organisation; delivery; and products. One core concept of clinical nutrition is malnutrition/undernutrition, which includes disease-related malnutrition (DRM) with (eq. cachexia) and without inflammation, and malnutrition/undernutrition without disease, e.g. hunger-related malnutrition. Over-nutrition (overweight and obesity) is another core concept. Sarcopenia and frailty were agreed to be separate conditions often associated with malnutrition. Examples of nutritional procedures identified include screening for subjects at nutritional risk followed by a complete nutritional assessment. Hospital and care facility catering are the basic organizational forms for providing nutrition. Oral nutritional supplementation is the preferred way of nutrition therapy but if inadequate then other forms of medical nutrition therapy, i.e. enteral tube feeding and parenteral (intravenous) nutrition, becomes the major way of nutrient delivery. Conclusion: An agreement of basic nutritional terminology to be used in clinical practice, research, and the ESPEN guideline developments has been established. This terminology consensus may help to support future global consensus efforts and updates of classification systems such as the International Classification of Disease (ICD). The continuous growth of knowledge in all areas addressed in this statement will provide the foundation for future revisions.
2017
Clinical nutrition; Consensus; Definition; Malnutrition; Medical nutrition; Terminology; Nutrition and Dietetics; Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01a Articolo in rivista
ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition / Cederholm, T; Barazzoni, R.; Austin, P.; Ballmer, P.; Biolo, G.; Bischoff, S. C.; Compher, C.; Correia, I.; Higashiguchi, T.; Holst, M.; Jensen, G. L.; Malone, A.; Muscaritoli, Maurizio; Nyulasi, I.; Pirlich, M.; Rothenberg, E.; Schindler, K.; Schneider, S. M.; de van der Schueren, M. A. E.; Sieber, C.; Valentini, L.; Yu, J. C.; Van Gossum, A.; Singer, P.. - In: CLINICAL NUTRITION. - ISSN 0261-5614. - 1:36(2017), pp. 49-64. [10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.004]
File allegati a questo prodotto
Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/926010
 Attenzione

Attenzione! I dati visualizzati non sono stati sottoposti a validazione da parte dell'ateneo

Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? 529
  • Scopus 1347
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 1201
social impact