S'en remettre à un spécialiste de la santé mentale. Regards croisés sur des services publics en France et en Italie

This research proposes a pragmatic reinterpretation of delegation of care in mental health public policy. The purpose of the following comparative analysis is to analyse how, in France and Italy, political actors, professionals and publics tacked part at this collective action form 1960 to 2010. At first, the thesis analyses the texts of all politicians who instituted the birth of services "mental health" in the countries concerned. These texts are analysed taking into account the views of professionals in these services from a corpus composed of journal articles. Further investigation to analyse the speech of actors directly or indirectly involved in the delegation of care (patients and its families), is presented in a second time. Performed first in Italy and then in France, further investigation helps to know how people have participated in the delegation of psychiatric care. The study shows how a priori the opposite way, the French and Italian cases lead their public policy: respectively, "fight against mental illness" versus "protecting mental health." These modes are really only two variants of the same political risk, which aims both to neutralize the other, to prevent what is seen as a threat to the community or individuals. By maintaining the psychiatric hospital, the French model is aimes to eliminate mental illness in individuals, while the development of the community services, the Italian model aims to protect the community from risks related to mental health.