Politiche di contrasto alla povertà: un'analisi degli effetti economici e delle ripercussioni sociali. Il caso di studio della Bolsa Familia in Brasile

The present work reports the first results of a research carried out in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in eight different favelas. The research, conducted in collaboration with the UERJ (Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro), began in 2012, ended in April 2014. The objective of this research is to make an evaluation on the program Bolsa Famìlia, reading the objective data, such as registration, level of education, children in school; with subjective data, or rather the thought of those who receive the Bolsa Famìlia and what impact the program has on Brazilian society. With the worsening of the economic crisis around the world ever more often you hear of policies to combat poverty, whether it is better for a universal income all or a conditional income, and what requirement is put right at the base: carry out a job with a low salary, have a low income, have children. There are many questions and many are income support schemes in different countries of the world. All have their own philosophy and several studies think it is the best one rather than another, as is possible to see from the work of Van Pareijs, Suplicy, Atkinson, etc. But an author has captured a lot of our attention, French sociologist Castel, that talking about policies to combat poverty makes a reflection on the concept of exclusion, declaring that the real problem are not the policies but the extension of the concept of exclusion. Instead of solving the situation from the beginning, you continue to promote policies ad hoc, or “emergency policies" destined to a target so wide of population that it is unlikely to allow a substantial success of these policies. The problem is not in the politics of intervention, which, however, improve minimally the condition of the people, but the decision not to act on the causes that generate exclusion, acting only on the consequences. This is the thesis we will try to evaluate on the Bolsa Famìlia program, through a comparison with people who receive and do not receive. I will demonstrate how the Bolsa Famìlia have an impact at the same time in the present and in the future, treating the poor as not excluded but as people who have a subjectivity and restoring dignity.