The link between anesthesiology and neurology: a mindful cooperation to improve brain protection

Preventing neurological injury is mandatory during the perioperative period of any kind of surgery and in the care of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. During daily practice, both anaesthesiologists and neurologists focus on brain protection as an integral part of systemic homeostasis maintenance. This article highlights the intriguing overlap between anaesthesiology and neurology in clinical practice along with its potential implications for outcome. Moreover, it focuses on the importance of the complementary expertise of both specialists in maintaining cerebral homeostasis, with the aim of improving outcome. A review of available evidence on anaesthesiology and neurology interplay in clinical practice along with its potential implications for outcome has been conducted. Clinical vigilance and the use of shared monitoring and diagnostic technology could allow early recognition and treatment of cerebral dysfunction occurring in the perioperative period or in the critical care setting, thus reducing morbidity and mortality. In order to improve patient safety and outcome, neurologists and anaesthesiologists should more closely and successfully collaborate, using shared monitoring tools and integrating traditional areas of expertise. Daily activity, education, research and training programs in anaesthesia and neurology could benefit from a stronger relationship with each other.