Glutathione S-transferase ϴ-subunit as a phenotypic suppressor of pmr1Δ strain, the Kluyveromyces lactis model for Hailey-Hailey disease

Background: Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD), also known as familial benign chronic pemphigus, is a rare, chronic and recurrent blistering disorder, histologically characterized by suprabasal acantholysis. HHD has been linked to mutations in ATP2C1, the gene encoding the human adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-powered calcium channel pump. Methods: In this work, the genetically tractable yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has been used to study the molecular basis of Hailey-Hailey disease. The K. lactis strain depleted of PMR1, the orthologue of the human ATP2C1 gene, was used to screen a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cDNA library to identify genetic interactors able to suppress the oxidative stress occurring in those cells. Results: We have identified the Glutathione S-transferase ϴ-subunit (GST), an important detoxifying enzyme, which restores many of the defects associated with the pmr1Δmutant. GST overexpression in those cells suppressed the sensitivity to calcium chelating agents and partially re-established calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis by decreasing the high cytosolic Ca2+ levels in pmr1Δstrain. Moreover, we found that in the K. lactis mutant the mitochondrial dysfunction was suppressed by GST overexpression independently from calcineurin. In agreement with yeast results, a decreased expression of the human GST counterpart (GSTT1/M1) was observed in lesion-derived keratinocytes from HHD patients. Conclusions: These data highlighted the Glutathione S-transferase as a candidate gene associated with Hailey-Hailey disease. General significance: Kluyveromyces lactis can be considered a good model to study the molecular basis of this pathology.