The in vitro study of neural progenitors is based around the idea that defined culture conditions can emulate an environment which maintains an undifferentiated state and self-renewal capability of explanted progenitor cells, culminating in the growth of neurospheres. SHH signaling is a key signaling pathway with roles in morphogenesis and cell proliferation in the central nervous system, in particular, involved in mitogenic signaling within the context of postnatal cerebellar granule cell expansion. We demonstrate that in addition to commonly used mitogens such as EGF and bFGF, the SHH pathway agonist SAG, as well as genetic activation of SHH signaling by PTCH1 deletion, can lead to the growth of neurospheres from postnatal day 7 (p7) cerebellar explants. Interestingly, SAG derived cultures, termed murine SAG dependent spheres (mSS), can be generated solely from the p7 cerebellum and not from the sub-ventricular zone, a confirmed source of neurospheres derived by growth factors. Further, mSS cultures expressed ZIC1, ATOH1 and NESTIN, indicating that their identity is of the cerebellar granule cell progenitor (GCP) lineage. Strikingly, mSS cells can be maintained indefinitely in culture, as demonstrated by extensive clonogenic capability, assayed over a period of ten weeks. In the context of self-renewal, we assay gene expression of POU3f2, POU5f1, NANOG, and SOX2, genes associated with neural progenitors, which we find expressed in mSS cells. Importantly, mSS cultures are continuously dependent on SAG for their clonogenic potential and SHH pathway activation, assayed by expression of GLI1, PTCH1 and NMYC. In addition to the aforementioned extensive self-renewal capability mSS neurosphere cultures also maintain the ability to differentiate. In vitro differentiation leads to formation of cells with typical granule cell morphology and which are positive for beta3-tubulin, as assayed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Additionally, differentiated mSS cells display up-regulation of the cerebellar granule expressed gene GABRA6. Our work demonstrates that by applying culture conditions which are tailored towards biological characteristics of specific regions of the central nervous system the paradigm of the neurosphere can be expanded to include lineages not previously studied in this way. In particular, we apply this principle to unmask the property of cells from the GCP lineage as having extensive self-renewal capability in vitro.

Lo studio in vitro dei progenitori neurali si basa sul concetto che, delle condizioni di coltura cellulare, siano capaci di emulare un ambiente che mantiene uno stato non-differenziato e di autorinnovamento cellulare. Ciò porta alla crescità di neurosfere. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) rappresenta una via di segnalazione chiave sia nel contesto della morfogenesi che nella proliferazione cellulare a livello del sistema nervoso centrale. In particolare, SHH e coinvolto nella segnalazione mitogenica post-natale dei progenitori granulari del cereveletto (GCP). Oltre ai mitogeni communemente usati (EGF e bFGF), dimostriamo che sia il trattamento con SAG, un agonista della via di SHH, che l’attivazione genetica della via SHH tramite delezione del gene PTCH1, portano alla crescità di neurosfere, a partire da espianti di cereveletto all’età di 7 giorni postnatale (p7). Oltremodo, SAG puo indurre la formazione di neurosfere, chiamate sfere SAG dipendente murine (mSS), solo partendo da tessuto cerebellare p7 e non dalla zona sub-ventricolare (SVZ), generalmente nota come fonte di cellule che danno origine alle neurosfere. Inoltre, le colture mSS esprimono ZIC1, ATOH1 e NESTIN, suggerendone l’identità di granuli cerebellari. Notevolmente, rispetto al noto comportamento delle cellule GCP, le cellule mSS possono essere mantenute in colture per tempi indefiniti, come misurato attraverso il saggio di clonogenicità, applicato per un periodo di 10 settimane. Nel contesto dell autorinnovamento confermiamo inoltre l’espressione dei geni POU3f2, POU5f1, NANOG e SOX2 nelle cellule mSS, che sono comunemente associati ai progenitori neuronali. Rilevantemente, le cellule mSS, per essere clonogeniche e per mantenere l’attività della via SHH, misurata in termini di espressione di GLI1, PTCH1 e NMYC, rimangono dipendenti dal SAG. Oltre a mantenere la capacita di autorinnovamento, le colture mSS mantengono anche la capacità di differenziamento. Il differenziamento in vitro porta alla formazione di cellule con morfologia tipica delle cellule granulari del cereveletto che dimostrano positività per tubulina beta-3, misurato sia per western blot che per immunofluorescenza. Inoltre, durante il differenziamento le cellule mSS aumentano l’espressione di GABRA6, un marcatore del differenziamento delle cellule GCP. Questo lavoro e la dimostrazione che si può confezionare su misura un protocollo di coltura cellulare capace di espandere cellule progenitrici da particolari zone del sistema nervoso centrale. Questo permette di estendere il concetto di neurosfera a cellule che non sono state considerate tali fino ad ora. In particolare, estendiamo questo concetto alle cellule GCP rivelando la loro capacità di estensivo autorinnovamento in vitro.

One size does not fit all: Cell type specific tailoring of culture conditions permits establishment of divergent stable lines from murine cerebellum / Heil, Constantin. - ELETTRONICO. - (2014).

One size does not fit all: Cell type specific tailoring of culture conditions permits establishment of divergent stable lines from murine cerebellum

HEIL, CONSTANTIN
01/01/2014

Abstract

The in vitro study of neural progenitors is based around the idea that defined culture conditions can emulate an environment which maintains an undifferentiated state and self-renewal capability of explanted progenitor cells, culminating in the growth of neurospheres. SHH signaling is a key signaling pathway with roles in morphogenesis and cell proliferation in the central nervous system, in particular, involved in mitogenic signaling within the context of postnatal cerebellar granule cell expansion. We demonstrate that in addition to commonly used mitogens such as EGF and bFGF, the SHH pathway agonist SAG, as well as genetic activation of SHH signaling by PTCH1 deletion, can lead to the growth of neurospheres from postnatal day 7 (p7) cerebellar explants. Interestingly, SAG derived cultures, termed murine SAG dependent spheres (mSS), can be generated solely from the p7 cerebellum and not from the sub-ventricular zone, a confirmed source of neurospheres derived by growth factors. Further, mSS cultures expressed ZIC1, ATOH1 and NESTIN, indicating that their identity is of the cerebellar granule cell progenitor (GCP) lineage. Strikingly, mSS cells can be maintained indefinitely in culture, as demonstrated by extensive clonogenic capability, assayed over a period of ten weeks. In the context of self-renewal, we assay gene expression of POU3f2, POU5f1, NANOG, and SOX2, genes associated with neural progenitors, which we find expressed in mSS cells. Importantly, mSS cultures are continuously dependent on SAG for their clonogenic potential and SHH pathway activation, assayed by expression of GLI1, PTCH1 and NMYC. In addition to the aforementioned extensive self-renewal capability mSS neurosphere cultures also maintain the ability to differentiate. In vitro differentiation leads to formation of cells with typical granule cell morphology and which are positive for beta3-tubulin, as assayed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Additionally, differentiated mSS cells display up-regulation of the cerebellar granule expressed gene GABRA6. Our work demonstrates that by applying culture conditions which are tailored towards biological characteristics of specific regions of the central nervous system the paradigm of the neurosphere can be expanded to include lineages not previously studied in this way. In particular, we apply this principle to unmask the property of cells from the GCP lineage as having extensive self-renewal capability in vitro.
2014
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/888607
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