The secretin/secretin receptor axis modulates liver fibrosis through changes in TGF-β1 biliary secretion

The secretin/secretin receptor (SR) axis is upregulated by proliferating cholangiocytes during cholestasis. Secretin stimulates biliary proliferation by downregulation of let-7a and subsequent upregulation of the growth-promoting factor NGF. It is not know if the secretin/SR axis plays a role in subepithelial fibrosis observed during cholestasis. Our aim was to determine the role of secretin/SR axis in the activation of biliary fibrosis in animal models and human primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Studies were performed in Wild-type (WT) mice with bile duct ligation (BDL), BDL SR(-/-) mice or Mdr2(-/-) mouse models of cholestatic liver injury. In selected studies, the SR antagonist (Sec 5-27) was used to block the secretin/SR axis. Biliary proliferation and fibrosis were evaluated as well as the secretion of secretin (by cholangiocytes and S cells), the expression of markers of fibrosis, TGF-β1, TGF-β1R, let-7a and downstream expression of NGF. Correlative studies were performed in human control and PSC liver tissue biopsies, serum and bile. SR antagonist reduced biliary proliferation and hepatic fibrosis in BDL WT and Mdr2(-/-) mice. There was decreased expression of let-7a in BDL and Mdr2(-/-) cholangiocytes that was associated with increased NGF expression. Inhibition of let-7a accelerated liver fibrosis due to cholestasis. There was increased expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β1R. Significantly higher expression of secretin, SR and TGF-β1 was observed in PSC patient liver samples compared to healthy controls. In addition, there was higher expression of fibrosis genes and remarkably decreased expression of let-7a and increased expression of NGF compared to the control.