Altered cortical synaptic plasticity in response to 5 hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a new electrophysiological finding in amnestic mild cognitive impairment converting to alzheimer’s disease. results from a four-year prospective cohort study

aMCI patients displayed cortical hyperexcitability and altered synaptic plasticity to 5 Hz-rTMS when compared with healthy subjects. The extent of these changes correlated with conversion time. These alterations, which have previously been observed in AD, are thus present in the early stages of disease and may be considered as potential neurophysiological markers of conversion from aMCI to AD.