The cell wall is a complex structure of plant cells which determines their shape and rigidity, and is an important element in the regulation of plant growth and differentiation. It also represents the interface between the cell and its environment and acts as a physical barrier to protect it against abiotic and biotic stresses. The wall is a deposit of regulatory signals that are released during infections or due to mechanical damage. The structure of the cell walls is in a constant process of remodeling as it adapts to the prevailing functional requirements. Pectin in particular influences cell wall rigidity as well as cell–cell adhesion , and is the first component that is modified during the attack of pathogens or during development. Therefore, plants have developed a sophisticated system mainly focused on pectin, to monitor the composition of the cell wall and regulate its modifications. ( PIMS " system for monitoring the integrity of the pectin "). The aim of my research was to understand how pectin modification may play a role in maintaining a proper balance between defense and development, with particular attention to the impact of these modifications on the use of plant biomass for industrial applications such as biofuel production . In the first part of the work I assessed whether the controlled expression of pectic enzymes in planta could help to improve the resistance to pathogens and the saccharification of plant biomass without interfering with the normal development of the plant . In the second part of my work , the objective was to deepen our understanding of the function of oligogalacturonides (OG), an important class of elicitors released from the cell wall pectin by the action of polygalacturonases during microbial infection. We generated transgenic plants that express, under the control of an inducible promoter, a chimeric protein capable of producing OG, called OG machine ( OGM), to study how the levels of OGs in the tissue regulate, depending on the concentration, the growth/defense trade off. In the third part of the thesis, proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of the membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to treatment with exogenous OG has allowed us to study the early response of the plant and dissect the signaling pathway activated by these elicitors.
La parete cellulare è una complessa struttura delle cellule vegetali che, oltre a determinarne la forma e rigidità, costituisce un importante elemento di regolazione della crescita e del differenziamento delle piante. Rappresenta inoltre l’interfaccia tra la cellula e l’ambiente e funziona come una barriera fisica di protezione dagli stress abiotici e biotici. La parete è un deposito di segnali regolatori che vengono rilasciati durante una infezione o in seguito al danno meccanico. La struttura delle pareti cellulari è sottoposta a un costante rimodellamento in quanto deve adattarsi alle esigenze di volta in volta prevalenti. La pectina in particolare influenza la rigidità della parete e l’adesione cellula-cellula, ed è il primo componente che viene modificato durante l’attacco dei patogeni o durante lo sviluppo. Pertanto, le piante hanno sviluppato un sistema sofisticato, principalmente incentrato sulla pectina, per monitorare la composizione della parete cellulare e regolarne le modifiche. (PIMS:"sistema di monitoraggio dell’integrità della pectina"). Scopo della mia ricerca è stato quello comprendere come le modifiche della pectina possano giocare un ruolo nel mantenere un corretto equilibrio tra difesa e sviluppo, con particolare attenzione all’impatto di queste modifiche sull’utilizzo delle biomasse vegetali per applicazioni industriali come la produzione di biocarburanti. Nella prima parte del lavoro mi sono occupata di valutare se l’espressione controllata di enzimi pectici in planta potesse contribuire a migliorare la resistenza ai patogeni e la saccarificazione della biomassa vegetale senza interferire nel normale sviluppo della pianta. Nella seconda parte del mio lavoro l’obiettivo è stato di approfondire la comprensione della funzione degli oligogalatturonidi (OG), una classe importante di elicitori rilasciati dalla pectina della parete cellulare vegetale per azione di poligalatturonasi microbiche durante l’infezione. Abbiamo generato delle piante transgeniche che esprimono, sotto il controllo di un promotore inducibile, una proteina chimerica capace di produrre OG, chiamata per l’appunto OG machine (OGM) , per studiare come i livelli di OG nel tessuto regolano, a seconda della concentrazione, il compromesso tra crescita e difesa. Nella terza parte della tesi, l’analisi proteomica e fosfoproteomica delle membrane di Arabidopsis thaliana in seguito al trattamento con OG esogeni ha permesso di studiare le risposte precoci della pianta e dissezionare la via di segnalazione attivata da questi elicitori.
Degradazione della pectina nella parete vegetale: implicazioni fisiopatologiche e applicazioni biotecnologiche / Pontiggia, Daniela. - ELETTRONICO. - (In corso di stampa).
Degradazione della pectina nella parete vegetale: implicazioni fisiopatologiche e applicazioni biotecnologiche
PONTIGGIA, Daniela
In corso di stampa
Abstract
The cell wall is a complex structure of plant cells which determines their shape and rigidity, and is an important element in the regulation of plant growth and differentiation. It also represents the interface between the cell and its environment and acts as a physical barrier to protect it against abiotic and biotic stresses. The wall is a deposit of regulatory signals that are released during infections or due to mechanical damage. The structure of the cell walls is in a constant process of remodeling as it adapts to the prevailing functional requirements. Pectin in particular influences cell wall rigidity as well as cell–cell adhesion , and is the first component that is modified during the attack of pathogens or during development. Therefore, plants have developed a sophisticated system mainly focused on pectin, to monitor the composition of the cell wall and regulate its modifications. ( PIMS " system for monitoring the integrity of the pectin "). The aim of my research was to understand how pectin modification may play a role in maintaining a proper balance between defense and development, with particular attention to the impact of these modifications on the use of plant biomass for industrial applications such as biofuel production . In the first part of the work I assessed whether the controlled expression of pectic enzymes in planta could help to improve the resistance to pathogens and the saccharification of plant biomass without interfering with the normal development of the plant . In the second part of my work , the objective was to deepen our understanding of the function of oligogalacturonides (OG), an important class of elicitors released from the cell wall pectin by the action of polygalacturonases during microbial infection. We generated transgenic plants that express, under the control of an inducible promoter, a chimeric protein capable of producing OG, called OG machine ( OGM), to study how the levels of OGs in the tissue regulate, depending on the concentration, the growth/defense trade off. In the third part of the thesis, proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of the membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to treatment with exogenous OG has allowed us to study the early response of the plant and dissect the signaling pathway activated by these elicitors.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.