Neem the tree of 21st century

During the last decay, the commercial importance of Neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) increased exponentially, as well as its global diffusion and the number of derived products in the market. Despite the identification of hundreds of constituents in the seed oil, the main marketed product, a lot of chemistry still must be carried on. The high complexity of chemical composition and the derived multiple activity ask for an exceptional research validation. Azadiractins, among the main constituents of the oil and so far considered the responsible of the insecticide activity, could be only in part involved, calling for investigation on other constituents, including the degradation products. Starting from reliable chemical data, Biology can take the center of the scene to validate neem as the multipurpose tree of the future. Starting from the actual medical and insecticidal applications it is time to explore other possible commercial applications in accordance with the future depicted by the International Research Institutions.