THE WORLD WAR AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE: THE ISSUE OF NATIONALITIES

In 1804, in response to the proclamation of Napoleon as emperor and to ensure the continuity of the crown, the Emperor Francis II began to take shape hereditary Emperor of Austria (as Francis I), anticipating the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire (1806 ) following the Napoleonic wars. With the Congress of Vienna (1814-15), the Empire was inserted into the Germanic Confederation and accentuated its multinational character, during the nineteenth century nationalism was gradually eroded by post and had to deal with the Hohenzollern Prussia for supremacy in the world German. The failed revolution of 1848 led to a far-reaching institutional reorganization. In March 1849, the Prime Minister Schwarzenberg withdrew the federal constitution based on decentralization and respect for the nationalities and replaced it with a new card more conservative and centralist. In 1860 they were restored to the diets of the various nationalities and established the Imperial Council (Reichsrat),

In 1804, in response to the proclamation of Napoleon as emperor and to ensure the continuity of the crown, the Emperor Francis II began to take shape hereditary Emperor of Austria (as Francis I), anticipating the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire (1806 ) following the Napoleonic wars. With the Congress of Vienna (1814-15), the Empire was inserted into the Germanic Confederation and accentuated its multinational character, during the nineteenth century nationalism was gradually eroded by post and had to deal with the Hohenzollern Prussia for supremacy in the world German. The failed revolution of 1848 led to a far-reaching institutional reorganization. In March 1849, the Prime Minister Schwarzenberg withdrew the federal constitution based on decentralization and respect for the nationalities and replaced it with a new card more conservative and centralist. In 1860 they were restored to the diets of the various nationalities and established the Imperial Council (Reichsrat), composed of members of the Diet, a federal body with advisory functions controlled by the nobility. But the face of opposition from various forces, in 1861 the powers of the diets were reduced, and was created a parliament that did not take into account the particularities; in 1865 the constitution was suspended due to the opposition of the various national groups. After the defeat in the war with Prussia, the Austro-Hungarian compromise was implemented, which restored full rights and independence of the Hungarian state as part of a dual monarchy united in the person of the emperor. The agreement established the constitutional autonomy of the two parts of the empire , each with its own government and a bicameral parliament; common institutions remained the emperor and his court, the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and War; and a customs union. The constitutional form provided on the one hand the kingdom of Hungary, on the other a group of countries whose sovereign was the emperor of Austria. The failure to solve the problem of other nationalities constituted the main cause of the disintegration of the empire, which was accelerated and completed by the First World War.