The Attitudes of Italian Psychologists Towards Homosexuality and Lesbian and Gay Clients: Theoretical, Clinical, and Social Implications

Aim: Many people are still referred to mental health professionals to change their sexual orientation (American Psychological Association, 2012; Lingiardi & Capozzi, 2004; Spitzer, 2012). We conducted a national survey in order to understand how Italian psychologists address this request. In more general terms, we wanted to explore Italian psychologists’ attitudes towards homosexuality and, more specifically, if they are willing to engage in efforts to change sexual orientation. Method: We developed an internet based questionnaire (ATH, Attitude Towards Homosexuality) that was completed anonymously by 3,135 licensed psychologists. Results: 76% of the sample considered “homosexuality to be a normal variant of sexuality”, but 58% said that “a psychological intervention aimed at modifying the sexual orientation is feasible”. Interestingly, less than 16% of participants considered themselves “adequately trained on clinical and theoretical issues regarding homosexuality”, with 25% reporting having received no training and 59% reporting that they had received partial training. Discussion: Unlike other countries, until recently there were no Italian guidelines for mental health professionals on LGBT issues. As a result of this research-survey, and in collaboration with the Italian Association of Psychologists, we have developed guidelines to fill this gap and meet the increasing request for training and continuing education about GLBT issues (Lingiardi & Nardelli, 2013). Our guidelines aim to equip psychologists with the basic tools to avoid homophobic prejudice in counseling and psychotherapy, and provide appropriate responses to clients.