Colonnaded streets, an original creation of Roman architecture in the East, can be analyzed using a different approach from more traditional ones, with a view to assessing their design aspects and their urban impact. A review of sources, both literary and epigraphic, seems to indicate that the design of these ancient monuments was not uniform, and that the porticoes were considered, in architectural terms, as entities separated from the road. In order to create colonnades and porticoes lined with shops along the principal urban roads, it was necessary to use drastic measures of dismantling preex- isting structures, levelling debris, and reconstruction, which often led to a radical transformation of urban spaces. Despite the unity of the whole reached upon completion of the project, colonnaded streets were actually very often carried out over relatively long periods of time and in individual segments because of their high construction costs and their great size. In analyzing the construction processes, it is necessary to take into account not only archaeological and epigraphic data, but also the stylistic aspects of the architectural decoration and technical as well as structural characteristics—such as materials used and the level of refinement—that serve as basic indicators for reconstructing the modes and timing of the organi- zation of construction. The common use of local materials, though sometimes combined with imported materials, allows the paper to address, albeit in a preliminary way, the question of costs and consequently the relationship between the workers and the problem of transmission and elaboration of decorative themes and motifs.
Le strade colonnate, che costituiscono una creazione originale dell’architettura romana in Oriente, sono monumenti polifunzionali che, da un lato, contribuivano, per le loro indubbie qualità estetiche, all'autocelebrazione delle città, dall'altro rispondevano ad esigenze di carattere pratico, politico-economico e commerciale. Dal momento che, nella quasi totalità dei casi, i portici colonnati vennero ad inserirsi lungo assi viari preesistenti e sovente in contesti già intensamente edificati, risulta di primaria importanza analizzarne gli aspetti progettuali e valutarne l'impatto urbanistico: i dati archeologici, laddove disponibili, dimostrano che la realizzazione di questi imponenti e pretenziosi progetti comportò uno stravolgimento radicale del tessuto urbano, con conseguenze significative sotto il profilo monumentale e funzionale. Nell'analisi dei processi di realizzazione delle strade colonnate è necessario tenere conto non solo delle fonti storiche ed epigrafiche, ma anche degli aspetti tecnico-costruttivi, quali i materiali impiegati, la tipologia della decorazione architettonica, il livello di rifinitura, che sono in molti casi indicatori fondamentali per ricostruire i modi e i tempi di organizzazione e di evoluzione dei cantieri. L'impiego prevalente di materiali di provenienza locale, talora accostati a materiali importati, consente di affrontare la questione del rapporto tra le maestranze nonché il problema della trasmissione e rielaborazione di temi e motivi decorativi. Trattandosi di progetti di ampia portata monumentale ed economica, che si protrassero spesso per lungo tempo, si devono riesaminare in dettaglio tutti quegli aspetti che contribuiscono a definire il processo cronologico di avanzamento dei lavori, strettamente correlato alla committenza ed alle relative fonti di finanziamento.
I cantieri delle vie colonnate nell'Oriente romano / Borgia, Emanuela. - STAMPA. - (2010), pp. 281-299. (Intervento presentato al convegno Arqueología de la Construcción II tenutosi a Certosa di Pontignano, Siena nel 13-15/11/2008).
I cantieri delle vie colonnate nell'Oriente romano
BORGIA, Emanuela
2010
Abstract
Colonnaded streets, an original creation of Roman architecture in the East, can be analyzed using a different approach from more traditional ones, with a view to assessing their design aspects and their urban impact. A review of sources, both literary and epigraphic, seems to indicate that the design of these ancient monuments was not uniform, and that the porticoes were considered, in architectural terms, as entities separated from the road. In order to create colonnades and porticoes lined with shops along the principal urban roads, it was necessary to use drastic measures of dismantling preex- isting structures, levelling debris, and reconstruction, which often led to a radical transformation of urban spaces. Despite the unity of the whole reached upon completion of the project, colonnaded streets were actually very often carried out over relatively long periods of time and in individual segments because of their high construction costs and their great size. In analyzing the construction processes, it is necessary to take into account not only archaeological and epigraphic data, but also the stylistic aspects of the architectural decoration and technical as well as structural characteristics—such as materials used and the level of refinement—that serve as basic indicators for reconstructing the modes and timing of the organi- zation of construction. The common use of local materials, though sometimes combined with imported materials, allows the paper to address, albeit in a preliminary way, the question of costs and consequently the relationship between the workers and the problem of transmission and elaboration of decorative themes and motifs.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.