The basilica of San Paolo fuori le Mura, one of the most celebrated monuments of late antiquity, was also one of the best preserved until the fire of 1823, following which it was completely rebuilt. This study traces the historical, architectural and artistic evolution of the two basilicas, the 'Theodoran' and the 'Constantinian', which were built one over the other in the 4th century on the site of the Apostle's tomb, marked by the 'Tropeion' of Gaius, along the ancient via Ostiense, focal point of the architecture and orientation of the building from it's origins until the fire. A reconstruction of the earlier phases (1st to 9th centuries) is supported by those historical, iconographical and archival sources which have come down to us, reinterpreted in the light of the archaeological discoveries that since 1998 have revealed new information not only about the tomb of the Apostle and the cemetery below the basilica, but also regarding the residential structures which existed prior to the burial of Saint Paul, and the medieval monastic structures discovered in the area of the present monastery gardens on the southern side of the basilica. Beginning with illustrated reconstructions of the 'archaeological landscape' (1st century ad), the paper follows successive transformations, reconstructions and additions which over the years have been carried out on the basilica and the adjacent monastery.
Il saggio ripercorre le vicende storiche, architettoniche ed artistiche della basilica di San Paolo fuori le mura, a partire dalla sepoltura dell’Apostolo e dal Trofeo visto da Gaio lungo la via Ostiense, fino all’incendio del 1823. La ricostruzione delle fasi più antiche si avvale delle fonti storiche, iconografiche e archivistiche ad oggi note, ma rilette alla luce dei rinvenimenti archeologici che a partire dal 1999 hanno portato nuovaluce sulla tomba dell’Apostolo, sull’area cimiteriale[(limitrofa) sottostante e circostante la basilica e], da ultimo, sulle strutture residenzialipreesistenti alla sepoltura di Paolo e suquelle monastiche altomedievali, tutte collocate a meridione, nell’area dell’orto dei monaci. A partire quindi dal paesaggio del I secolo d.C., ricostruito anche attraverso grafici tridimensionali, il racconto si snoda attraverso le successive trasformazioni, ricostruzioni e adattamenti che nel corso dei secoli hanno interessato la basilica e le strutture monastiche annesse. Particolare attenzione viene rivolta al periodo compreso fra la metà del Cinquecento e la prima metà del Seicento, epoca durante la quale la fabbricaè oggetto di rinnovato interesse da parte dei pontefici, con l’avvio di diversi progetti, solo in parte realizzati. La narrazione si chiude con il ricordo della notte del 15 luglio 1823 che da inizio a una “nuova” storia.
La basilica di San Paolo dalle origini all'età moderna / G., Filippi; Docci, Marina. - In: ROMA MODERNA E CONTEMPORANEA. - ISSN 1122-0244. - STAMPA. - XX-2:(2014), pp. 595-676.
La basilica di San Paolo dalle origini all'età moderna
DOCCI, Marina
2014
Abstract
The basilica of San Paolo fuori le Mura, one of the most celebrated monuments of late antiquity, was also one of the best preserved until the fire of 1823, following which it was completely rebuilt. This study traces the historical, architectural and artistic evolution of the two basilicas, the 'Theodoran' and the 'Constantinian', which were built one over the other in the 4th century on the site of the Apostle's tomb, marked by the 'Tropeion' of Gaius, along the ancient via Ostiense, focal point of the architecture and orientation of the building from it's origins until the fire. A reconstruction of the earlier phases (1st to 9th centuries) is supported by those historical, iconographical and archival sources which have come down to us, reinterpreted in the light of the archaeological discoveries that since 1998 have revealed new information not only about the tomb of the Apostle and the cemetery below the basilica, but also regarding the residential structures which existed prior to the burial of Saint Paul, and the medieval monastic structures discovered in the area of the present monastery gardens on the southern side of the basilica. Beginning with illustrated reconstructions of the 'archaeological landscape' (1st century ad), the paper follows successive transformations, reconstructions and additions which over the years have been carried out on the basilica and the adjacent monastery.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.