Anti-Candida activity of 1-18 fragment of the frog skin peptide esculentin-1b.

Candida albicans represents one of the most prevalent species causing life-threatening fungal infections. Current treatments to defeat them have become largely ineffective, due to their toxic side effects and the emergence of resistant strains. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are fascinating molecules with a potential role as novel anti-infective agents. However, only a few studies have been performed on their efficacy towards the most virulent hyphal phenotype of this pathogen. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the anti-Candida activity of the N-terminal 1-18 fragment of the frog skin AMP esculentin-1b, Esc(1-18). Our results demonstrate that Esc(1-18) causes a rapid reduction in the number of viable yeast cells and killing of the hyphal population. Esc(1-18) revealed a membrane perturbing effect which is likely the basis of its mode of action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the ability of a frog skin AMP to kill both growing stages of Candida and to inhibit transition of these fungal cells from the roundish yeast shape to the more dangerous hyphal form.