The identification of antioxidant compounds is of great scientific interest, because of their ability to counteract the toxic effects of free radicals involved in the genesis of different diseases. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity of a dry extract of Sisymbrium officinale Scop. (SOE), a plant commonly used for the treatment of various disorders, and its polyphenolic fractions. Six different tests, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferric thiocyanate, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and ferrozine assays, were performed for evaluating different antioxidant mechanisms. In addition, the polyphenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. In order to obtain the polyphenolic fractions, SOE was extracted in methanol for 24h; then the extract was concentrated to dryness obtaining a methanol soluble portion and a methanol insoluble residue. The methanol soluble portion was suspended in water and partitioned with ethyl acetate to yield an ethyl acetate fraction, Fb (0.18 g), and an aqueous fraction, Fc (7 g). The methanol insoluble residue was dissolved in water and partitioned with n-butanol to yield a further aqueous fraction, Fd (11.8 g), and a n-butanol fraction, Fe (0.21 g). The fractions and SOE were tested for the antioxidant activity and analyzed by HPTLC, in order to identify the main polyphenolic compounds. SOE showed to scavenge ABTS (EC50 = 0.33±0.02 mg/ml) and superoxide (EC50 = 0.97±0.02 mg/ml) radicals, and to reduce ferric ions (EC50 = 0.06±0.02 mg/ml); its content of polyphenolic compounds was 2% expressed as tannic acid equivalents (ATE). Fb and Fe were the more active fractions; in particular, they scavenged ABTS (Fb, EC50 = 16.5±0.6 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 14.7±1.2 μg/ml), DPPH (Fb, EC50 = 45.8±0.2 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 99.9±0.01 μg/ml) and superoxide (Fb, EC50 = 80.00±0.28 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 50.00±0.18 μg/ml) radicals, and reduced ferric ions (Fb, EC50 = 0.5±0.1 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 5.4±0.2 μg/ml). Fc was able to reduce ferric ions (EC50 = 44.3±0.1 μg/ml) as well, although with lower efficacy. Finally, only Fb inhibited lipid peroxidation in the ferric thiocyanate test (EC50 = 148.0±0.02 μg/ml). The content of phenolic compounds, calculated as ATE, was 52.7% for Fb, 2.1% for Fc, 1.3% for Fd and 11.9% for Fe. HPTLC analysis showed that Fb contained high concentrations of non-polar and low molecular weight phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenylpropanoids) and Fe non-polar but high molecular weight phenolic compounds. Fc and Fd contained mainly polar high molecular weight polyphenols, probably tannins. In conclusion, results obtained in present study show that SOE and its polyphenolic fractions possess antioxidant properties, because of the presence of polyphenols, mainly non-polar, among which luteolin, kaemferolo, rutin, hyperoside and apigenin.
L’identificazione di composti antiossidanti è oggetto di grande interesse medico-scientifico, in virtù della loro capacità di contrastare gli effetti tossici dei radicali liberi, coinvolti nella genesi di diverse patologie1. Nel presente lavoro è stata valutata la potenziale attività antiossidante di un estratto secco di Sisymbrium officinale Scop. (SOE), una pianta utilizzata comunemente per il trattamento di diverse condizioni patologiche2. Lo studio è stato condotto mediante una batteria di test standardizzati, in particolare: Folin-Ciocalteau, DPPH, ABTS, ferro tiocianato, anione superossido, radicale idrossile e ferrozina. Parallelamente, al fine di identificare chimicamente le frazioni attive, 50 g di estratto sono stati dibattuti in metanolo; la parte solubile è stata sottoposta a ripartizione con acetato di etile/acqua (1:1) ottenendo due frazioni, Fb (0,18 g; solubile in acetato di etile) ed Fc (7 g; solubile in acqua). Il residuo insolubile è stato ulteriormente frazionato con n-butanolo/acqua (1:1), ottenendo le frazioni Fd (11,8 g; solubile in acqua) ed Fe (0,21g; solubile in n-butanolo). Le frazioni ottenute sono state testate parallelamente a SOE per l’attività antiossidante e sottoposte ad analisi fitochimica mediante HPTLC, al fine di identicarne i composti polifenolici più rappresentativi. SOE ha mostrato effetti antiossidanti, in particolare come scavenger dei radicali ABTS (EC50 = 0,33 0,02 mg/ml) e superossido (EC50 = 0,97 0,02 mg/ml, e come riducente degli ioni ferrici (EC50 = 0,06 0,02 mg/ml). Il contenuto di composti fenolici in SOE, espresso in acido tannico equivalenti (ATE), era pari al 2%. Per quanto riguarda le frazioni, nel complesso Fb ed Fe sono risultate più attive, in particolare, come scavenger dei radicali ABTS (Fb, EC50 = 16,50±0,60 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 14,70±1,20 μg/ml), DPPH (Fb, EC50 = 45,80±0,25 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 99,90±0,01 μg/ml) e superossido (Fb, EC50 = 80,00±0,28 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 50,00±0,18 μg/ml) e come riducenti degli ioni ferrici (Fb, EC50 = 0,52±0,10 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 5,40±0,25 μg/ml). Anche Fc era attiva come riducente degli ioni ferrici (EC50 = 44,30±0,10 μg/ml), sebbene con potenza minore rispetto ad Fb ed Fe. Infine, soltanto Fb inibiva la perossidazione lipidica nel test del ferrotiocianato (EC50 = 148,00±0,02 μg/ml). Il contenuto di composti fenolici nelle frazioni, espresso in ATE, era pari al 52,7% per Fb, 2,1% per Fc, 1,3% per Fd e 11,9% per Fe. I risultati dell’analisi fitochimica hanno evidenziato la presenza prevalentemente di composti fenolici (flavonoidi e fenilpropanoidi) non polari a basso peso molecolare in Fb e non polari ma ad alto peso molecolare in Fe. Fc ed Fd contenevano principalmente polifenoli polari ad elevato peso molecore, probabilmente tannini. In conclusione, i risultati ottenuti mostrano che l’attività antiossidante di SOE è da ascrivere in primo luogo alla presenza di polifenoli, prevalentemente non polari, tra i quali prevalgono luteolina, kaemferolo, rutina, iperoside ed apigenina.
Attività antiossidante di un estratto acquoso di Sisymbrium officinale Scop. e identificazione chimica delle sue frazioni attive / DI SOTTO, Antonella; DI GIACOMO, Silvia; A., Piccin; M., Nicoletti; Mazzanti, Gabriela. - (2012).
Attività antiossidante di un estratto acquoso di Sisymbrium officinale Scop. e identificazione chimica delle sue frazioni attive
DI SOTTO, ANTONELLA;DI GIACOMO, SILVIA;MAZZANTI, Gabriela
2012
Abstract
The identification of antioxidant compounds is of great scientific interest, because of their ability to counteract the toxic effects of free radicals involved in the genesis of different diseases. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity of a dry extract of Sisymbrium officinale Scop. (SOE), a plant commonly used for the treatment of various disorders, and its polyphenolic fractions. Six different tests, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferric thiocyanate, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and ferrozine assays, were performed for evaluating different antioxidant mechanisms. In addition, the polyphenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. In order to obtain the polyphenolic fractions, SOE was extracted in methanol for 24h; then the extract was concentrated to dryness obtaining a methanol soluble portion and a methanol insoluble residue. The methanol soluble portion was suspended in water and partitioned with ethyl acetate to yield an ethyl acetate fraction, Fb (0.18 g), and an aqueous fraction, Fc (7 g). The methanol insoluble residue was dissolved in water and partitioned with n-butanol to yield a further aqueous fraction, Fd (11.8 g), and a n-butanol fraction, Fe (0.21 g). The fractions and SOE were tested for the antioxidant activity and analyzed by HPTLC, in order to identify the main polyphenolic compounds. SOE showed to scavenge ABTS (EC50 = 0.33±0.02 mg/ml) and superoxide (EC50 = 0.97±0.02 mg/ml) radicals, and to reduce ferric ions (EC50 = 0.06±0.02 mg/ml); its content of polyphenolic compounds was 2% expressed as tannic acid equivalents (ATE). Fb and Fe were the more active fractions; in particular, they scavenged ABTS (Fb, EC50 = 16.5±0.6 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 14.7±1.2 μg/ml), DPPH (Fb, EC50 = 45.8±0.2 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 99.9±0.01 μg/ml) and superoxide (Fb, EC50 = 80.00±0.28 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 50.00±0.18 μg/ml) radicals, and reduced ferric ions (Fb, EC50 = 0.5±0.1 μg/ml; Fe, EC50 = 5.4±0.2 μg/ml). Fc was able to reduce ferric ions (EC50 = 44.3±0.1 μg/ml) as well, although with lower efficacy. Finally, only Fb inhibited lipid peroxidation in the ferric thiocyanate test (EC50 = 148.0±0.02 μg/ml). The content of phenolic compounds, calculated as ATE, was 52.7% for Fb, 2.1% for Fc, 1.3% for Fd and 11.9% for Fe. HPTLC analysis showed that Fb contained high concentrations of non-polar and low molecular weight phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenylpropanoids) and Fe non-polar but high molecular weight phenolic compounds. Fc and Fd contained mainly polar high molecular weight polyphenols, probably tannins. In conclusion, results obtained in present study show that SOE and its polyphenolic fractions possess antioxidant properties, because of the presence of polyphenols, mainly non-polar, among which luteolin, kaemferolo, rutin, hyperoside and apigenin.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.