The sea as a destiny for Rome. A long-term history The complicated relationship between Rome, the Tiber and the sea has ancient roots, that refer to the foundation of the city myth. In Imperial age, Claudio and then Traiano realized a port system at the river mouth, that had in Ostia a mainly residential and commercial district and in Portus the effective port city, with all delivery, storage and distribution equipment. In 1870. when Rome was proclaimed capital of Italian Kingdom, the city was an anomaly in the peninsula structure: most of Italian cities were included in a complex and well integrated territorial system, while Rome was surrounded by an actual desert. In this desert - The Campagna Romana - inhabitants living conditions were terrible and malaria reigned supreme. In last three decades of nineteenth century, questions of Tiber waters regimentation, wetlands draining at its mouth, Campagna Romana resettlement and river navigability represented different and inseparable aspects of the same problem, looking for the conception of a port on Tyrrhenian Sea. Between the seventies of the nineteenth century and early twenties of the twentieth, countless hypotheses of intervention, investment programs, proposals and projects followed one another. The drainage of Maccarese, Ostia, Isola Sacra and Campo Salino ponds, launched between 1884 and 1892, paved the way for reviving proposals of commercial and industrial city development towards the sea. In the mid-nineties the discussion focused around the new port construction. Paolo Orlando started in those years his tireless propagandist and entrepreneur activities: in 1904 he formed the Comitato Pro Roma Marittima, immediately after First World War he began to build the Borgata Marina of Ostia Nuova and in 1919 he gave birth to the SMIR, an independent institution with the task of building an external port in Castelfusano and an internal one in San Paolo district, including all industrial zones and necessary infrastructures, with connecting channels and a railway to the sea. The idea of a port for Rome never became a reality, but since the twenties an important infrastructure system between Rome and the sea was realized: the Roma-Lido railway (1924), the seaplane base Carlo del Prete (1926), the Roma-Ostia highway (1928) and the via Imperiale (1938), completed in the early fifties. Many of the projects for Ostia Nuova, starting from 1908-1910, put the focus on the urban waterfront theme. Through this waterfront the new Ostia village, but especially Rome itself - the capital city - would have earned an overlook on the sea. In this overall vision we have to include the scenic roundabout design of Roma bathhouse, built in 1924 (then destroyed during the war), as well as the subsequent projects by Adalberto Libera (1933-1934) and Alfio Susini (1940-1941) for Castelfusano. Another project proposal on this theme was faced twenty years later by Pier Luigi Nervi (1962-1968).
Il complesso rapporto tra Roma, il Tevere e il mare ha radici molto antiche che rimandano al mito della fondazione della città. In epoca imperiale prima Claudio e poi Traiano realizzarono allo foce del fiume il sistema portuale della città che aveva in Ostia la città a carattere prevalentemente residenziale e terziario e in Portus la città portuale vera e propria, dotata delle necessarie attrezzature per lo scarico, l’immagazzinaggio e la distribuzione delle merci. Quando nel 1870 Roma fu proclamata Capitale del Regno d’Italia, rappresentava un’anomalia nella struttura territoriale della penisola perché a differenza di quanto accadeva per la maggior parte delle altre città italiane, che erano inserite in un sistema territoriale complesso e integrato, Roma si trovava in un vero e proprio deserto. In questo deserto – La Campagna Romana - le condizioni di vita dei pochi abitanti erano terribili e la malaria regnava sovrana. Nell’ultimo trentennio del XIX secolo, le questioni legate all’irreggimentazione delle acque del Tevere, la bonifica delle zone paludose alla sua foce, il ripopolamento della Campagna Romana e la navigabilità del fiume nella prospettiva della creazione di un porto sul mare Tirreno costituivano aspetti diversi e non separabili di uno stesso problema. Nel periodo compreso tra gli anni Settanta del XIX secolo e i primi anni Venti del XX si susseguirono così innumerevoli ipotesi d’intervento, programmi d’investimento, proposte e progetti. La bonifica degli Stagni di Ostia e Maccarese, dell’Isola Sacra e del Campo Salino (l’antico impianto per la produzione del sale) avviata tra il 1884 e il 1892, pose le premesse per rilanciare le proposte per uno sviluppo commerciale e industriale della città verso il mare e alla metà degli anni Novanta la discussione si concentrò intorno al tema della realizzazione del nuovo porto; in quegli anni emerse la figura dell’ingegnere Paolo Orlando con la sua instancabile attività di propagandista e di imprenditore: nel 1904 costituì il "Comitato Pro Roma Marittima", subito dopo la prima guerra mondiale avviò la realizzazione della Borgata Marina di Ostia Nuova e nel 1919 diede vita allo SMIR, un ente autonomo che aveva il compito di costruire un porto esterno a Castel Fusano ed uno interno a San Paolo, le zone industriali e tutte le infrastrutture necessarie, compresi i canali di collegamento e la ferrovia. Il porto di Roma non diventò mai realtà, ma a partire dagli anni Venti fu realizzato, tra Roma e il mare, un importante sistema infrastrutturale: la ferrovia Roma-Lido (1924), l’Idroscalo “Carlo del Prete” (1926), l’autostrada Roma-Ostia (1928) e la via Imperiale (1938), poi completata nei primi anni Cinquanta. Molti dei progetti per Ostia Nuova, a partire da quello del 1908-1910, posero l’attenzione sul tema urbano del waterfront attraverso il quale non tanto il nuovo borgo, ma Roma – la città capitale – si sarebbe affacciata sul mare; in questa visione complessiva va collocata la costruzione nel 1924 della scenografica rotonda dello stabilimento “Roma” (poi distrutto durante la guerra) così come i successivi progetti di Adalberto Libera (1933-1934) e di Alfio Susini (1940-1941) per Castelfusano. Un tema che fu affrontato vent’anni dopo anche da Pier Luigi Nervi (1962-1968).
IL MARE COME DESTINO DI ROMA. UNA STORIA DI LUNGA DURATA / Rossi, Piero Ostilio. - In: RASSEGNA DI ARCHITETTURA E URBANISTICA. - ISSN 0392-8608. - STAMPA. - 141:(2013), pp. 20-39.
IL MARE COME DESTINO DI ROMA. UNA STORIA DI LUNGA DURATA
ROSSI, Piero Ostilio
2013
Abstract
The sea as a destiny for Rome. A long-term history The complicated relationship between Rome, the Tiber and the sea has ancient roots, that refer to the foundation of the city myth. In Imperial age, Claudio and then Traiano realized a port system at the river mouth, that had in Ostia a mainly residential and commercial district and in Portus the effective port city, with all delivery, storage and distribution equipment. In 1870. when Rome was proclaimed capital of Italian Kingdom, the city was an anomaly in the peninsula structure: most of Italian cities were included in a complex and well integrated territorial system, while Rome was surrounded by an actual desert. In this desert - The Campagna Romana - inhabitants living conditions were terrible and malaria reigned supreme. In last three decades of nineteenth century, questions of Tiber waters regimentation, wetlands draining at its mouth, Campagna Romana resettlement and river navigability represented different and inseparable aspects of the same problem, looking for the conception of a port on Tyrrhenian Sea. Between the seventies of the nineteenth century and early twenties of the twentieth, countless hypotheses of intervention, investment programs, proposals and projects followed one another. The drainage of Maccarese, Ostia, Isola Sacra and Campo Salino ponds, launched between 1884 and 1892, paved the way for reviving proposals of commercial and industrial city development towards the sea. In the mid-nineties the discussion focused around the new port construction. Paolo Orlando started in those years his tireless propagandist and entrepreneur activities: in 1904 he formed the Comitato Pro Roma Marittima, immediately after First World War he began to build the Borgata Marina of Ostia Nuova and in 1919 he gave birth to the SMIR, an independent institution with the task of building an external port in Castelfusano and an internal one in San Paolo district, including all industrial zones and necessary infrastructures, with connecting channels and a railway to the sea. The idea of a port for Rome never became a reality, but since the twenties an important infrastructure system between Rome and the sea was realized: the Roma-Lido railway (1924), the seaplane base Carlo del Prete (1926), the Roma-Ostia highway (1928) and the via Imperiale (1938), completed in the early fifties. Many of the projects for Ostia Nuova, starting from 1908-1910, put the focus on the urban waterfront theme. Through this waterfront the new Ostia village, but especially Rome itself - the capital city - would have earned an overlook on the sea. In this overall vision we have to include the scenic roundabout design of Roma bathhouse, built in 1924 (then destroyed during the war), as well as the subsequent projects by Adalberto Libera (1933-1934) and Alfio Susini (1940-1941) for Castelfusano. Another project proposal on this theme was faced twenty years later by Pier Luigi Nervi (1962-1968).I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.