The development of thermoacoustic devices that may produce the transfer of heat from one thermodynamic source to another one is described in this review from the very first experiments produced by Rayleigh, who did really explained the reverse transformation of heat into elastic wave energy, to the actual highly performing apparatuses. An extraordinary quantity of projects and realizations have been and are actually being performed relative to both thermodynamic engines and acoustic refrigerators, in order to exploit the advantages and sustainability of these kinds of products: no mechanical moving parts and use of not polluting gases. A line of development is followed in this report, aimed at the explanation of the fundamental physical processes underlying the experimental devices produced in the refrigeration field. Soundhauss and Rijke tubes are described at the beginning, where heat produced by a flame may generate an intense sound, whose interpretation is based on the phase relation of the dynamical cycle of a gas particle in an acoustic field and its heat exchange with an external source. The Stirling engine is then described in detail, as the focal point of successive developments, where a regenerator - which is to be considered as the basic elements for the process of cold production - is introduced between the thermal sources. A natural improvement of the Stirling device is the pulse tube refrigerator, where the piston which causes the expansion of the gas is properly substituted by a not moving tube element. Presentation is successively given of the two actually existing types of thermoacoustic refrigerators, which rely either on a traveling acoustic wave or on a stationary one. Finally, the developments of the most recently designed devices are described, and the performances duly reported, up to the astonishing result of the attainment of 1.2K in the field of cryogenics.
In questa rassegna viene descritto lo sviluppo dei dispositivi termoacustici, che possono produrre il trasferimento di calore da una sorgente termodinamica a un’altra, a partire dai primi esperimenti di Rayleigh, che ha correttamente fornitola spiegazione della trasformazione inversa del calore in energia delle onde elastiche, fino agli attuali apparati esistenti dalle prestazioni rilevanti. C’è stata e continua a esserci una straordinaria quantità di progetti e di realizzazioni, relativamente sia ai motori termodinamici che ai frigoriferi acustici, al fine di sfruttare i vantaggi e la sostenibilità di questi tipi di prodotti: assenza di parti meccaniche in movimento e utilizzo di gas non inquinanti. La linea di sviluppo seguita in questa relazione è finalizzata alla spiegazione dei processi fisici fondamentali che sono alla base dei dispositivi sperimentali prodotti nel settore della refrigerazione. Vengono inizialmente descritti i tubi di Soundhauss e di Rijke, in cui il calore prodotto da una fiamma può generare un suono intenso, la cui interpretazione è legata alla relazione di fase tra il ciclo dinamico di una particella di gas in un campo acustico e il trasferimento di calore a una sorgente esterna. Viene poi dettagliatamente illustrato il motore Stirling, punto focale dei successivi sviluppi, dove un rigeneratore, che è da considerarsi l’elemento fondamentale per il processo di produzione del freddo, viene introdotto tra le sorgenti termiche. Un miglioramento naturale del dispositivo basato sul ciclo Stirling è il refrigeratore pulse tube, in cui il pistone d’espansione viene adeguatamente sostituito da un tubo cilindrico non in movimento. Viene successivamente fornita una presentazione dei due tipi effettivamente esistenti di frigoriferi termoacustici, che si basano o su un'onda acustica progressiva o su una stazionaria. Infine, sono descritti gli sviluppi dei dispositivi di più recente progettazione, le cui prestazioni vengono dovutamente riportate, fino al sorprendente risultato del raggiungimento di 1.2K nel campo della criogenia. The development of thermoacoustic devices that may produce the transfer of heat from one thermodynamic source to another one is described in this review from the very first experiments produced by Rayleigh, who did really explained the reverse transformation of heat into elastic wave energy, to the actual highly performing apparatuses. An extraordinary quantity of projects and realizations have been and are actually being performed relative to both thermodynamic engines and acoustic refrigerators, in order to exploit the advantages and sustainability of these kinds of products: no mechanical moving parts and use of not polluting gases. A line of development is followed in this report, aimed at the explanation of the fundamental physical processes underlying the experimental devices produced in the refrigeration field. Soundhauss and Rijke tubes are described at the beginning, where heat produced by a flame may generate an intense sound, whose interpretation is based on the phase relation of the dynamical cycle of a gas particle in an acoustic field and its heat exchange with an external source. The Stirling engine is then described in detail, as the focal point of successive developments, where a regenerator - which is to be considered as the basic elements for the process of cold production - is introduced between the thermal sources. A natural improvement of the Stirling device is the pulse tube refrigerator, where the piston which causes the expansion of the gas is properly substituted by a not moving tube element. Presentation is successively given of the two actually existing types of thermoacoustic refrigerators, which rely either on a traveling acoustic wave or on a stationary one. Finally, the developments of the most recently designed devices are described, and the performances duly reported, up to the astonishing result of the attainment of 1.2K in the field of cryogenics.
La generazione del freddo mediante l'uso di onde acustiche: storia e sviluppi / Alippi, Chiara; D'Orazio, Annunziata. - In: RIVISTA ITALIANA DI ACUSTICA. - ISSN 0393-1110. - STAMPA. - 37 (1):(2013), pp. 5-14.
La generazione del freddo mediante l'uso di onde acustiche: storia e sviluppi
ALIPPI, CHIARA;D'ORAZIO, Annunziata
2013
Abstract
The development of thermoacoustic devices that may produce the transfer of heat from one thermodynamic source to another one is described in this review from the very first experiments produced by Rayleigh, who did really explained the reverse transformation of heat into elastic wave energy, to the actual highly performing apparatuses. An extraordinary quantity of projects and realizations have been and are actually being performed relative to both thermodynamic engines and acoustic refrigerators, in order to exploit the advantages and sustainability of these kinds of products: no mechanical moving parts and use of not polluting gases. A line of development is followed in this report, aimed at the explanation of the fundamental physical processes underlying the experimental devices produced in the refrigeration field. Soundhauss and Rijke tubes are described at the beginning, where heat produced by a flame may generate an intense sound, whose interpretation is based on the phase relation of the dynamical cycle of a gas particle in an acoustic field and its heat exchange with an external source. The Stirling engine is then described in detail, as the focal point of successive developments, where a regenerator - which is to be considered as the basic elements for the process of cold production - is introduced between the thermal sources. A natural improvement of the Stirling device is the pulse tube refrigerator, where the piston which causes the expansion of the gas is properly substituted by a not moving tube element. Presentation is successively given of the two actually existing types of thermoacoustic refrigerators, which rely either on a traveling acoustic wave or on a stationary one. Finally, the developments of the most recently designed devices are described, and the performances duly reported, up to the astonishing result of the attainment of 1.2K in the field of cryogenics.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.