Assessment of baseline characteristics and risk factors among Emergency Department patients presenting with recent onset atrial fibrillation: a retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: The Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation in Emergency (CAFE) study was an observational, retrospective, multicenter study focusing on patients with recent onset atrial fibrillation (AF) seen in six different Emergency Departments (ED) of Rome, Italy. AIM: The aim of this study was to present the baseline characteristics and risk factors of the patients enrolled to the CAFE study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 3085 eligible patients diagnosed with recent onset AF in any of the EDs between January 2008 and December 2009. Inclusion criteria required documented ICD-9 primary discharge/admission diagnosis of AF in the ED and stable hemodynamic conditions at presentation (systolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg). Exclusion criteria were permanent AF or an ongoing acute coronary syndrome. RESULTS: Median age was 71 years (interquartile ranges, 62-78 years) and 50.8% were men. Palpitations was the most common symptom at ED presentation and was present in 73.5% of the study subjects. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity, affecting 59.3% of the patients evaluated, and the presence of previous episode(s) of AF was also common (52.3%). Regarding home treatment, the drugs most prescribed were antiplatelets (31.2%) and diuretics (25.2%). A CHADS2 score of 0 was found in 814 patients (26.4%), while a CHADS2 score of 1 was reported in 1114 patients (36.1%). Finally, a CHADS2 score = 2 was reported in 1157 patients (37.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The present study represents an important snapshot of demographics, comorbidities, risk factors and anticoagulation management about patients with recent onset AF.