The debate on the term and the concept of "totalitarianism" deeply marks the culture of the twentieth century. Fought over by opposing ideological factions, the concept has fluctuated between meanings unlikely to fall within a common horizon of meaning, raising one hand, enthusiasm, as the only proper category to grasp a completely new historical reality, on the other outrage, because it was deemed a mere tool to discredit communism. According to the latter objection, yet often recurring, the notion would not serve to the understanding of history and politics but only to ideological propaganda. Not surprisingly, according to its detractors, the context would be the concept of the origin of American political science of the 50s, as part of the political and ideological context of the "cold war." On the contrary, the term and the concept of totalitarianism sink their roots in a much earlier period, the era of East-West, and they certainly take regulatory value, but following different paths, not only due to the celebration of the liberal-democratic values. E 'useful, therefore, to reconstruct the path of the term and the concept of totalitarianism, to bring to light the many layers of meaning accumulated along an articulated intellectual itinerary.
Il dibattito sul termine e sul concetto di “totalitarismo” segna profondamente la cultura del XX secolo. Contesa da opposte fazioni ideologiche, la nozione ha oscillato tra significati difficilmente riconducibili a un comune orizzonte di senso, suscitando, da un lato, entusiasmo, in quanto unica categoria adeguata a cogliere una realtà storica assolutamente inedita, dall’altro sdegno, perché ritenuta un mero strumento di delegittimazione del comunismo. Secondo quest’ultima obiezione, ancora spesso ricorrente, la nozione non servirebbe alla comprensione storica e politica ma soltanto alla propaganda ideologica. Non a caso, secondo i suoi detrattori, il contesto di origine del concetto sarebbe la scienza politica americana degli anni ’50, nell’ambito del contesto politico-ideologico della “guerra fredda”. Al contrario, il termine e il concetto di totalitarismo affondano le loro radici in un periodo assai precedente l’epoca della contrapposizione Est-Ovest; essi assumono certamente anche valenza normativa, ma seguendo percorsi diversi, per nulla riconducibili alla sola celebrazione dei valori liberal-democratici. E’ utile, quindi, ricostruire il percorso del termine e del concetto di totalitarismo, per portare alla luce le molteplici stratificazioni di senso accumulatesi lungo un articolato itinerario intellettuale.
Totalitarismo / Antonini, Erica. - In: MONDOPERAIO. - ISSN 0392-1115. - STAMPA. - 2:(2007), pp. 127-131.
Totalitarismo
ANTONINI, Erica
2007
Abstract
The debate on the term and the concept of "totalitarianism" deeply marks the culture of the twentieth century. Fought over by opposing ideological factions, the concept has fluctuated between meanings unlikely to fall within a common horizon of meaning, raising one hand, enthusiasm, as the only proper category to grasp a completely new historical reality, on the other outrage, because it was deemed a mere tool to discredit communism. According to the latter objection, yet often recurring, the notion would not serve to the understanding of history and politics but only to ideological propaganda. Not surprisingly, according to its detractors, the context would be the concept of the origin of American political science of the 50s, as part of the political and ideological context of the "cold war." On the contrary, the term and the concept of totalitarianism sink their roots in a much earlier period, the era of East-West, and they certainly take regulatory value, but following different paths, not only due to the celebration of the liberal-democratic values. E 'useful, therefore, to reconstruct the path of the term and the concept of totalitarianism, to bring to light the many layers of meaning accumulated along an articulated intellectual itinerary.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.