A fast and accurate battery model suitable for production profiling in smart grids

In each segment of the electricity chain, from the generation power plants to the final users, use of batteries is continuously increasing due to the necessity to have an energy storage system., particularly in the optimal management of Smart Grids. Batteries application are present both in transmission and in distribution grid, as a support for the dispatching of the renewable sources power plants, for a flexible operation of the networks and also as backup in order to ensure a reliable and safe energy service. In this context, it is very useful a mathematical model that can simulate the operation of electrochemical accumulators, using as input only the data provided by the manufacturers, without the necessity to perform experimental tests. In the present paper a battery model, based on the formulation of an equivalent electric circuit, is presented: it allows studying the battery as a black box, avoiding analyzing the chemical reactions and all processes which develop inside the unit. The study, applicable to all kinds of batteries, has as its specific object the stationary lead acid batteries, normally used for energy storage in renewable energy plants. The proposed model has been implemented in a MatLab software. The results of the application of the model to two different case studies are reported.