Recent trends in matrix solid-phase dispersion

The key factors for the success of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) are its feasibility, flexibility, versatility, low costs and rapidity. Furthermore, with MSPD, it is possible to perform, on a small sample aliquot, extraction and clean up in a single step. In recent years, the greatest innovation in the MSPD technique has been the employment of unusual supporting materials (i.e. highly selective molecularly-imprinted polymers and the less specific multi-walled carbon nanotubes), although traditional sorbent and supports are still widely employed. Another novelty is the growing application of the multivariate statistical approach (experimental design) to optimize the extraction conditions. The purpose of this review is to present a rapid overview of MSPD applied to specific matrices and an update on the latest trends and innovations in the field since 2009. We pay particular attention to unusual matrices, new rapid clean-up techniques, and comparison with other sample-preparation methods. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.