Nanotechnologies for future applications in the biomedical field

Engineered nanomaterials are increasingly being used for commercial purposes and especially for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Carbon nanotubes in particular are viewed as a class of nanomaterials with high potential for biological applications due to their unique mechanical, physical and chemical properties. Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical molecules composed solely of carbon atoms. They can be thought of as a seamless cylinder formed from a graphitic sheet with a hexagonal lattice structure. The CNT ends resemble hemispherical buckyballs connected by a graphene cylinder. The properties of individual CNTs vary depending on their atomic structure. Upon their discovery, the extraordinary properties have made CNTs the focus of a wide spectrum of research topics with potential for development into viable commercial applications. Carbon nanotubes are the most promising new nanoparticles that can be used for drug and gene delivery. Among numerous potential applications, including DNA and protein sensors, in vitro cell markers, diagnostic imaging contrast agents, the use of these carbon-nanostructures as multifunctional biological transporters, agents for selective cancer destruction and drug and gene delivery systems has been explored. Moreover, various cell types have been shown to grow extremely well on C-nanotubes, giving a potential for applications such as scaffolds and structures/coatings for tissue regeneration/repair. Clin Ter 2012; 163(2): 155-158